Foundations Midterm Jersey College EXAM2025/2026
ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |2025 EXAM | ELABORATED
&DETAILED ANSWERS!!
Factors affecting skin integrity - ANSWER-1. unbroken/healthy
skin/muc membranes are 1st line of defense against harmful
agents
2. resistance to injury of skin/mucous membranes varies (age,
amnt of underlying tissue, illness conditions)
3. better nourished the cell is > more resistant to injury/disease
4. adequate circulation makes sure cells receive nourishment &
get waste removed
Pressure injury stages - ANSWER-Stage 1: partial thickness
where all or a
portion of skin is
intact
Stage 2: full thickness skin loss where the entire dermis and
sweat glands and
hair follicles are severed exposing bone,
tendon or muscle
Stage 3: full thickness loss in which the true depth cannot be
determined- deep
tissue injury-
unstageable
,Wound Classification - ANSWER-acute
and chronic
intentional and
unintentional
open or
closed
Phases of wound healing - ANSWER-hemostasis,
inflammatory phase,
proliferation phase,
maturation phase
Maceration - ANSWER-softening through liquid; overhydration
edema - ANSWER-swelling
Desiccation - ANSWER-dehydration
necrosis - ANSWER-tissue death
Wound complications - ANSWER-Infections,
hemorrhage, dehiscence,
evisceration, and
fistula
Dehiscence - ANSWER-partial or total separation of wound
layers as a result of
excessive stress on wounds that are
not healed
,Evisceration - ANSWER-The most serious complication of
dehiscence. The wound completely separates, with protrusion
of viscera through the incisional area.
fistula - ANSWER-abnormal passageway between two organs
or between an
internal organ and the body
surface
pressure injury - ANSWER-localized damage to the skin and/or
underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or
related to a medical or other device
Risk factors for pressure injury development - ANSWER-
poor skin hygiene diabetes mellitus dimenished pain
awareness fractures
Previous pressure injuries
Significant obesity or
thinness terminal illness
Wound drainage - ANSWER-classified as either serous (clear)
or sanguineous
(bloody)
Braden Scale - ANSWER-mental status
continence
mobility
activity
, nutrition
purpose of dressings - ANSWER--Provide physical,
psychological, and aesthetic comfort
-Prevent, eliminate, or control infection
-Absorb drainage
-Maintain a moist wound environment
-Protect the wound from further injury
-Protect the skin surrounding the wound
-Remove necrotic tissue, if appropriate
penrose drain - ANSWER-a flat, thin, rubber tube inserted into a
wound to allow for fluid to flow from the wound; it has an open
end that drains onto a dressing closed drainage system -
ANSWER-system of tubing and other apparatus attached to the
body to remove fluid from an airtight circuit that prevents
environmental contaminants from entering
Endorphins - ANSWER-opioid -like hormones that are
manufactured in the
human body and contribute to natural feelings
of well-being
produced at neural synapses at various points along the
CNS pathway
perception of pain - ANSWER-involves the sensory process that
occurs when a
ACTUAL COMPLETE REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS |2025 EXAM | ELABORATED
&DETAILED ANSWERS!!
Factors affecting skin integrity - ANSWER-1. unbroken/healthy
skin/muc membranes are 1st line of defense against harmful
agents
2. resistance to injury of skin/mucous membranes varies (age,
amnt of underlying tissue, illness conditions)
3. better nourished the cell is > more resistant to injury/disease
4. adequate circulation makes sure cells receive nourishment &
get waste removed
Pressure injury stages - ANSWER-Stage 1: partial thickness
where all or a
portion of skin is
intact
Stage 2: full thickness skin loss where the entire dermis and
sweat glands and
hair follicles are severed exposing bone,
tendon or muscle
Stage 3: full thickness loss in which the true depth cannot be
determined- deep
tissue injury-
unstageable
,Wound Classification - ANSWER-acute
and chronic
intentional and
unintentional
open or
closed
Phases of wound healing - ANSWER-hemostasis,
inflammatory phase,
proliferation phase,
maturation phase
Maceration - ANSWER-softening through liquid; overhydration
edema - ANSWER-swelling
Desiccation - ANSWER-dehydration
necrosis - ANSWER-tissue death
Wound complications - ANSWER-Infections,
hemorrhage, dehiscence,
evisceration, and
fistula
Dehiscence - ANSWER-partial or total separation of wound
layers as a result of
excessive stress on wounds that are
not healed
,Evisceration - ANSWER-The most serious complication of
dehiscence. The wound completely separates, with protrusion
of viscera through the incisional area.
fistula - ANSWER-abnormal passageway between two organs
or between an
internal organ and the body
surface
pressure injury - ANSWER-localized damage to the skin and/or
underlying soft tissue usually over a bony prominence or
related to a medical or other device
Risk factors for pressure injury development - ANSWER-
poor skin hygiene diabetes mellitus dimenished pain
awareness fractures
Previous pressure injuries
Significant obesity or
thinness terminal illness
Wound drainage - ANSWER-classified as either serous (clear)
or sanguineous
(bloody)
Braden Scale - ANSWER-mental status
continence
mobility
activity
, nutrition
purpose of dressings - ANSWER--Provide physical,
psychological, and aesthetic comfort
-Prevent, eliminate, or control infection
-Absorb drainage
-Maintain a moist wound environment
-Protect the wound from further injury
-Protect the skin surrounding the wound
-Remove necrotic tissue, if appropriate
penrose drain - ANSWER-a flat, thin, rubber tube inserted into a
wound to allow for fluid to flow from the wound; it has an open
end that drains onto a dressing closed drainage system -
ANSWER-system of tubing and other apparatus attached to the
body to remove fluid from an airtight circuit that prevents
environmental contaminants from entering
Endorphins - ANSWER-opioid -like hormones that are
manufactured in the
human body and contribute to natural feelings
of well-being
produced at neural synapses at various points along the
CNS pathway
perception of pain - ANSWER-involves the sensory process that
occurs when a
