NUR 2115 EXAM 2 | FROM QUESTION TO
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Renal failure - Answer: A reduction (or absence) of kidney function
Acid base balance
Water removal
Erythropoesis
Toxin Removal
Blood pressure control
Electrolyte balance
Vitamin D activation - Answer: Functions of the Kidney:
Acronym for "A WET BED"
CKD - Answer: Type of Renal Failure:
Kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting for 3 or more
months
-GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months
-May result from Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HTN, and obesity, glomulerulonephritis
and polynephritis; polycystic, hereditary, or congenital disorders; and renal cancer
-Associated disease processes:Nephrosclerosis and Primary glomular disease
-If untreated, can result in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)
Inflammation
GFR
BUN and creatinine
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1
,Anemia, metabolic acidosis, imbalanced calcium and phosphorus, fluid retention -
Answer: Pathophysiology of CKD:
Linked to prolonged acute ___________________
-As the nephrons are damaged, the _______________ begins to decline
-Waste products in the blood begin to build up:________________ and _________________
-Renal function declines --> Leading to _________________, _________________,
____________________, _________________
Mild to no symptoms
May develop azotemia
ESKD - Answer: Stages of CKD:
Stage 1-2: ____________________________
Stage 3-4:____________________________
Stage 5:______________________________
125 - Answer: Normal GFR?
Stage 1 - Answer: Stage of CKD:
GFR: 90 or above
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR
Stage 2 - Answer: Stage of CKD:
GFR: 60-89
Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
Stage 3 - Answer: Stage of CKD:
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2
,GFR: 30-59
Moderate decrease in GFR
Stage 4 - Answer: Stage of CKD:
GFR: 15-29
Severe decrease in GFR
Stage 5 - Answer: Stage of CKD:
GFR: Less than 15 or dialysis/ kidney transplant
ESKD or chronic renal failure
Primary Glomerular Disease - Answer: Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Diseases that destroy the glomerulus of the kidney
Antigen antibody complexes formed in the blood become trapped in glomerular capillaries,
leading to inflammation and glomerular destruction
Symptoms include: proteinuria, hematuria, decreased GFR, decreased excretion of Na+,
edema, and HTN
Nephrosclerosis - Answer: Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Hardening of the renal arteries, reducing blood flow to the kidneys
Leads to necrosis of renal parenchyma, fibrosis, and glomerular destruction
Acute Nephritic Syndrome - Answer: Primary Glomerular Disease:
Renal failure with glomerular inflammation
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3
, Glomerulonephritis - Answer: Primary Glomerular Disease:
Inflammation of glomerular capillaries (acute or chronic)
Acute Glomerulonephritis - Answer: Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops suddenly (days to weeks)
Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries
Caused by previous infections or illnesses- strep throat, viral URI, chicken pox, lupus
Symptoms include: Hematuria, edema , azotemia or proteinuria
Chronic Glomerulonephritis - Answer: Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops over time (over months or years)
Repeated insults to the glomeruli causes scar tissue and atrophy of the cortex
Caused by repeated episodes of nephritic syndrome, hypertensive nephrosclerosis,
hyperlipidemia, lupus, goodpasture syndrome, or diabetes
"Silent S&S": HTN, elevated BUN or creatinine, imbalanced electrolytes
Generalized symptoms: Wt. Loss, nocturia, headaches, digestive disturbances
Progressive kidney damage: Anemia, poorly nourished, grayish skin color, edema,
cardiomegaly, respiratory (fluid build up)
Nephrotic Syndrome - Answer: Associated Disease Process of CKD:
A group of clinical manifestations due to protein wasting through damaged glomeruli
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
4
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Renal failure - Answer: A reduction (or absence) of kidney function
Acid base balance
Water removal
Erythropoesis
Toxin Removal
Blood pressure control
Electrolyte balance
Vitamin D activation - Answer: Functions of the Kidney:
Acronym for "A WET BED"
CKD - Answer: Type of Renal Failure:
Kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) lasting for 3 or more
months
-GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months
-May result from Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, HTN, and obesity, glomulerulonephritis
and polynephritis; polycystic, hereditary, or congenital disorders; and renal cancer
-Associated disease processes:Nephrosclerosis and Primary glomular disease
-If untreated, can result in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)
Inflammation
GFR
BUN and creatinine
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,Anemia, metabolic acidosis, imbalanced calcium and phosphorus, fluid retention -
Answer: Pathophysiology of CKD:
Linked to prolonged acute ___________________
-As the nephrons are damaged, the _______________ begins to decline
-Waste products in the blood begin to build up:________________ and _________________
-Renal function declines --> Leading to _________________, _________________,
____________________, _________________
Mild to no symptoms
May develop azotemia
ESKD - Answer: Stages of CKD:
Stage 1-2: ____________________________
Stage 3-4:____________________________
Stage 5:______________________________
125 - Answer: Normal GFR?
Stage 1 - Answer: Stage of CKD:
GFR: 90 or above
Kidney damage with normal or increased GFR
Stage 2 - Answer: Stage of CKD:
GFR: 60-89
Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR
Stage 3 - Answer: Stage of CKD:
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2
,GFR: 30-59
Moderate decrease in GFR
Stage 4 - Answer: Stage of CKD:
GFR: 15-29
Severe decrease in GFR
Stage 5 - Answer: Stage of CKD:
GFR: Less than 15 or dialysis/ kidney transplant
ESKD or chronic renal failure
Primary Glomerular Disease - Answer: Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Diseases that destroy the glomerulus of the kidney
Antigen antibody complexes formed in the blood become trapped in glomerular capillaries,
leading to inflammation and glomerular destruction
Symptoms include: proteinuria, hematuria, decreased GFR, decreased excretion of Na+,
edema, and HTN
Nephrosclerosis - Answer: Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Hardening of the renal arteries, reducing blood flow to the kidneys
Leads to necrosis of renal parenchyma, fibrosis, and glomerular destruction
Acute Nephritic Syndrome - Answer: Primary Glomerular Disease:
Renal failure with glomerular inflammation
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
, Glomerulonephritis - Answer: Primary Glomerular Disease:
Inflammation of glomerular capillaries (acute or chronic)
Acute Glomerulonephritis - Answer: Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops suddenly (days to weeks)
Inflammation of the glomerular capillaries
Caused by previous infections or illnesses- strep throat, viral URI, chicken pox, lupus
Symptoms include: Hematuria, edema , azotemia or proteinuria
Chronic Glomerulonephritis - Answer: Associated Disease Process of CKD:
Develops over time (over months or years)
Repeated insults to the glomeruli causes scar tissue and atrophy of the cortex
Caused by repeated episodes of nephritic syndrome, hypertensive nephrosclerosis,
hyperlipidemia, lupus, goodpasture syndrome, or diabetes
"Silent S&S": HTN, elevated BUN or creatinine, imbalanced electrolytes
Generalized symptoms: Wt. Loss, nocturia, headaches, digestive disturbances
Progressive kidney damage: Anemia, poorly nourished, grayish skin color, edema,
cardiomegaly, respiratory (fluid build up)
Nephrotic Syndrome - Answer: Associated Disease Process of CKD:
A group of clinical manifestations due to protein wasting through damaged glomeruli
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
4
