Page 1 of 36
Medical-Surgical Nursing Final Exam – 205 Verified
Questions with Detailed Rationales | Latest 2025
Edition | A+ Graded Nursing Resource
COPD Exercises ......ANSWER........-position patient to provide
lung expansion with elevated back rest, pillows, and chair sitting
-Breathing techniques: diaphragmatic or abdominal breathing,
pursed lip breathing
-collaborate with patient and PT to develop exercise plan
-remind patient to perform exercises 2-3 times each week
COPD- energy conservation techniques ......ANSWER........-daily
schedule for rest/work periods
-avoid working with arms raised or reaching above head
-adjust work heights to reduce back strain
-prevent jerky movements that waste energy
-adaptive tools for housework
,Page 2 of 36
-organize work space
-no talking when engaging in physical acitivity to conserve
energy
-avoid breath-holding when performing activities
COPD- assessment ......ANSWER........-respiratory changes: rapid,
shallow, paradoxical, use of accessory muscles, excursion,
abnormal lung sounds, increased chest diameter, cough
w/mucous production
-cardiovascular changes: HR and rhythm, swelling of feet/ankles,
cyanosis, delayed cap refill, clubbing of fingers
-psychosocial issues: social isolation, exposure to smoke or
crowded living situations, role changes, decreased self esteem,
anxiety and fear r/t dyspnea, patient/family expression of
feelings and awareness and use of support groups.
-diagnostic and lab tests: serial ABG for hypoxemia and
hypercarbia, oxygen saturation, sputum cultures, hct and hgb for
,Page 3 of 36
polycythemia, electrolyte levels, serum AAT levels for those with
family history, chest x-ray, PFT, peak expiratory flow rates,
carbon monoxide diffusion test
Vit B12 Deficiency Symptoms ......ANSWER........-Weakness,
tiredness, or lightheadedness
-Heart palpitations and shortness of breath
-Pale skin
-A smooth tongue
-Constipation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, or gas
-Nerve problems like numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, and
problems walking
-Vision loss
-Mental problems like depression, memory loss, or behavioral
changes
, Page 4 of 36
Risk factors for Cholelithiasis ......ANSWER........-FEMALE, FAT,
FORTY
-Being age 40 or older
-Being a Native American
-Being a Mexican-American
-Being overweight or obese
-Being sedentary
-Being pregnant
-Eating a high-fat diet
-Eating a high-cholesterol diet
-Eating a low-fiber diet
-Having a family history of gallstones
-Having diabetes
-Losing weight very quickly
-Taking medications that contain estrogen, such as oral
contraceptives or hormone therapy drugs
Medical-Surgical Nursing Final Exam – 205 Verified
Questions with Detailed Rationales | Latest 2025
Edition | A+ Graded Nursing Resource
COPD Exercises ......ANSWER........-position patient to provide
lung expansion with elevated back rest, pillows, and chair sitting
-Breathing techniques: diaphragmatic or abdominal breathing,
pursed lip breathing
-collaborate with patient and PT to develop exercise plan
-remind patient to perform exercises 2-3 times each week
COPD- energy conservation techniques ......ANSWER........-daily
schedule for rest/work periods
-avoid working with arms raised or reaching above head
-adjust work heights to reduce back strain
-prevent jerky movements that waste energy
-adaptive tools for housework
,Page 2 of 36
-organize work space
-no talking when engaging in physical acitivity to conserve
energy
-avoid breath-holding when performing activities
COPD- assessment ......ANSWER........-respiratory changes: rapid,
shallow, paradoxical, use of accessory muscles, excursion,
abnormal lung sounds, increased chest diameter, cough
w/mucous production
-cardiovascular changes: HR and rhythm, swelling of feet/ankles,
cyanosis, delayed cap refill, clubbing of fingers
-psychosocial issues: social isolation, exposure to smoke or
crowded living situations, role changes, decreased self esteem,
anxiety and fear r/t dyspnea, patient/family expression of
feelings and awareness and use of support groups.
-diagnostic and lab tests: serial ABG for hypoxemia and
hypercarbia, oxygen saturation, sputum cultures, hct and hgb for
,Page 3 of 36
polycythemia, electrolyte levels, serum AAT levels for those with
family history, chest x-ray, PFT, peak expiratory flow rates,
carbon monoxide diffusion test
Vit B12 Deficiency Symptoms ......ANSWER........-Weakness,
tiredness, or lightheadedness
-Heart palpitations and shortness of breath
-Pale skin
-A smooth tongue
-Constipation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, or gas
-Nerve problems like numbness or tingling, muscle weakness, and
problems walking
-Vision loss
-Mental problems like depression, memory loss, or behavioral
changes
, Page 4 of 36
Risk factors for Cholelithiasis ......ANSWER........-FEMALE, FAT,
FORTY
-Being age 40 or older
-Being a Native American
-Being a Mexican-American
-Being overweight or obese
-Being sedentary
-Being pregnant
-Eating a high-fat diet
-Eating a high-cholesterol diet
-Eating a low-fiber diet
-Having a family history of gallstones
-Having diabetes
-Losing weight very quickly
-Taking medications that contain estrogen, such as oral
contraceptives or hormone therapy drugs
