NSG 5003 WEEK 8 KNOWLEDGE CHECK QUIZ 1 & 2(UPDATE 2021) Graded A+

NSG 5003 WEEK 8 KNOWLEDGE CHECK QUIZ 1 Question 1 (1 point) Question 1 Saved The kidney is able to keep the rate of glomerular perfusion and GFR fairly constant over a range of arterial pressures. One mechanism responsible for the autoregulatory response in the kidney is: Question 1 options: Myogenic mechanism Active transport Carrier mechanism Passive transport Question 2 (1 point) Question 2 Unsaved Acute cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder and is the most common site of UTIs. A UTI is an inflammation of the urinary epithelium most usually caused by: Question 2 options: Fungus from the perineal area Bacteria from gut flora Herpes simplex 2 A worm or parasite Question 3 (1 point) Question 3 Unsaved Different patterns of urinary sediment may be associated with varying types of glomerulonephritis. The loss of the negative electrical charge across the glomerular filtration membrane and an increase in filtration pore size enhances the movement of proteins into the urine. The type of sediment characterized by the presence of blood and varying degrees of protein in the urine is: Question 3 options: Nephritic Urodynamic Polymorphic Crescentic Question 4 (1 point) Question 4 Unsaved An 11-year old girl is seen in her pediatrician’s office. Her mother has scheduled an appointment because she is concerned that her daughter is developing faster than her friends. The pediatrician explains that a variety of factors influence the timing of puberty. The young client states that she has worn a bra for almost 2 years. Breast development is caused by the secretion of: Question 4 options: Estradiol Androgens Progesterone Gonadotropin Question 5 (1 point) Question 5 Unsaved In female adolescents, egg production occurs: Question 5 options: During puberty During leptin secretion During embryonic development During the menstrual cycle NSG 5003 WEEK 8 KNOWLEDGE CHECK QUIZ 2 Question 1 (0.5 points) Question 1 Saved What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow? Question 1 options: They activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction. Both activate renal parasympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation. They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasodilation. Question 2 (0.5 points) Question 2 Saved Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the: Question 2 options: Vagus nerve Sympathetic nervous system Somatic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system Question 3 (0.5 points) Question 3 Saved When renin is released, it is capable of which action? Question 3 options: Inactivation of autoregulation Direct activation of angiotensin II Direct release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Formation of angiotensin I Question 4 (0.5 points) Question 4 Saved Which effect do natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates? Question 4 options: Stimulation of antidiuretic hormones (ADH) Inhibition of ADH Stimulation of renin and aldosterone Inhibition of renin and aldosterone Question 5 (0.5 points) Question 5 Saved What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone? Question 5 options: Sodium retention Sodium excretion Water retention Water excretion Question 6 (0.5 points) Question 6 Unsaved Which term is used to identify the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma? Question 6 options: Tubular secretion Ultrafiltration Tubular reabsorption Tubular excretion Question 7 (0.5 points) Question 7 Unsaved Which statement is true regarding urodilatin? Question 7 options: Urodilatin inhibits sodium chloride and water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. Urodilatin inhibits antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to prevent water reabsorption in the medullary part of the collecting duct. Urodilatin is stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in extracellular volume. Urodilatin is stimulated by a fall in blood pressure and a decrease in extracellular volume. Question 8 (0.5 points) Question 8 Unsaved Compared to a younger individual, how is the specific gravity of urine in older adults affected? Question 8 options: The specific gravity of urine in older adults is increased. The specific gravity of urine in older adults is considered high normal. The specific gravity of urine in older adults is considered low normal. The specific gravity of urine in older adults is decreased. Question 9 (0.5 points) Question 9 Unsaved How are glucose and insulin used to treat hyperkalemia associated with acute renal failure? Question 9 options: Glucose has an osmotic effect, which attracts water and sodium, resulting in more dilute blood and a lower potassium concentration. When insulin transports glucose into the cell, it also carries potassium with it. Potassium attaches to receptors on the cell membrane of glucose and is carried into the cell. Increasing insulin causes ketoacidosis, which causes potassium to move into the cell in exchange for hydrogen. Question 10 (0.5 points) Question 10 Unsaved Which statement is false concerning the skeletal alterations caused by chronic renal failure when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines to 25% of normal? Question 10 options: Parathyroid hormone is no longer effective in maintaining serum phosphate levels. The parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone. The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which reduces intestinal absorption of calcium, is impaired. The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, which impairs the effectiveness of calcium and phosphate resorption from bone by parathyroid hormone, is impaired. Question 11 (0.5 points) Question 11 Unsaved Anemia of chronic renal failure can be successfully treated with which element? Question 11 options: Intrinsic factor Vitamin B12 Vitamin D Erythropoietin Question 12 (0.5 points) Question 12 Unsaved Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for which bacteria? Question 12 options: Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus Pseudomonas aeruginosa Haemophilus Question 13 (0.5 points) Question 13 Unsaved What is the cause of smoky, brown-colored urine resulting from acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? Question 13 options: Presence of red blood cells Presence of urobilinogen Slough from the collecting tubules Protein in the urine Question 14 (0.5 points) Question 14 Unsaved What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)? Question 14 options: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen, and remnants are excreted through the kidneys. Verotoxin from Escherichia coli (E. coli) is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow. Failure of the nephrons to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen. Question 15 (0.5 points) Question 15 Unsaved What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children? Question 15 options: Periorbital edema Scrotal or labial edema Frothy urine Ascites Question 16 (0.5 points) Question 16 Unsaved Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means? Question 16 options: Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder Colonization of the bladder when urine is static Question 17 (0.5 points) Question 17 Unsaved What causes vesicoureteral reflux to occur in children? Question 17 options: Children do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner, and urine is forced up into the ureters. The submucosal segment of a child’s ureter is short, making the antireflux mechanism inefficient. The trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is underdeveloped in children. As the bladder fills in infants and children, it pulls the smooth lining of the transitional epithelium away from the ureters, making the reflux valves ineffective. Question 18 (0.5 points) Question 18 Unsaved What is the mechanism for developing Wilms’ tumor? Question 18 options: The development of Wilms’ tumor involves tumor suppressor genes located on chromosome 11. Development involves an autosomal dominant inherited disorder involving the Y chromosome. Wilms’ tumor is an autoimmune disorder. The development of Wilms’ tumor is a congenital anomaly. Question 19 (0.5 points) Question 19 Unsaved Which statement is false about the causes of enuresis? Question 19 options: A maturational lag may cause enuresis. Enuresis may be related to increased light sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea may be a symptom of enuresis. Excessive nocturnal levels of vasopressin may cause enuresis. Question 20 (0.5 points) Question 20 Unsaved When does an individual have his or her full complement of renal nephrons? Question 20 options: At birth At six months of age At puberty Between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years