NUR 211 FINAL EXAM WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
what does the use of accessory muscles indicate correct
answers >> an attempt to increase lung volume that results in
fatigue is not effective ventilation. indicates ventilatory fatigue,
air hunger, or decreased lung expansion
how does oxygenation of tissues take place correct answers
>> ventilation; the process of moving gases into and out of the
lungs
perfusion; the cardiovascular system pumping oxygenated blood
to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
diffusion; exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and
capillaries
how are respirations regulated (chemical and neural) correct
answers >> neural regulation- CNS controls the respiratory rate,
depth, and rhythm and cerbral cortex control voluntary
respirations
chemical regulation - maintains the rate and depth of respirations
based on changes in the blood concentrations of CO2 and O2 and
in pH, SO the chemoreceptors sense these changes in chemicals
and stimulate the nervous system to adjust
Factors affecting oxygenation - physiology correct answers >>
decreased o2 carrying capacity, hypovolemia (low blood volume,
less hemoglobin to carry O2 through vessels), decreased inspired
O2 conc., increased metabolic rate (infection, sepsis),
,factors affecting oxygenation - chest wall movement correct
answers >> prgnancy, obesity, neuromuscular disease,
musculoskeletal deformities, trauma, alterations to CNS
COPD and oxygenation correct answers >> -these pts have
adapted to a high level of CO2, so the CO2 sensitive receptors do
not function
-COPD pts stimulus to breathe is low O2, while normally it is high
CO2
-receptors in the aortic arch and carotid bodies are sensitive to
low O2 level causing increased ventilation when low O2
-SO, administering high levels of O2 to these pts prevents their
O2 level from falling and stimulating the receptors, which
REMOVES THEIR STIMULUS TO BREATHE
hyper and hypo ventilation correct answers >> hyper-
breathing in excess of what is required to remove CO2
hypo- inadequate breathing to meet bodys O2 demands or needs
to eliminate CO2
nursing notes on oxygenation - developmental factors correct
answers >> -mental status changes are 1st sign of respiratory
problem
-may not complain of dyspea until it affects ADLs
- changes in coughing mechanism may lead to retention of
secretions and atelectasis (when using cough suppressants)
-diminshed respiratory muscles from changes in thorax lead to
issues w chest expansion
,nursing note on oxygenation - lifestyle correct answers >>
smoking (heart disease, COPD, lung cancer), substance abuse
(impairs tissue perfusion), stress (increases metabolic rate and
oxygen demand of the body)
nursing note on oxygenation - environmental factors correct
answers >> the incidence of pulmonary disease is higher in
smoggy, urban areas
-work place risks include asbestosis, coccidiodomycosis
thorough assessment of oxygenation and systems correct
answers >> past impairments of circulatory or respiratory
function, methods pt uses to optimize oxygenation, review of
allergies, physical examination, lab and diagnostic tests.
-HX of chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing, resp. infections, meds,
fatigue, cough, smoking, exposures
-EXAMINE skin and mucous membranes, LOC, breathing patterns,
chest wall movement, palpate chest, feet, legs, pulses, auscultate
heart and lung sounds
how to assess breath sounds correct answers >> rate,
volume (shallow or deep), rhythm (regular or irregular), effort,
AP:LAT diameter (1:2), cough (productive or not) - amt., color,
consistency, odor
what causes decreased or absent breath sounds correct
answers >> pneumothorax, emphysema, removed lung lobes,
obstruction, atelectasis
, difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia correct answers
>> hypoxia - inadequate tissue oxygenation at cell level
hypoxemia - low level of oxygen in arterial blood
what is a more invasive way than pulse oximetry of determining
level of oxygenation correct answers >> arterial blood gases
(ABGs) - invasive way to measure partial pressure of O2 in blood.
NORMAL 80-100
acute hypoxia correct answers >> SUDDEN - causes? -
obstructed airway, pulmonary embolism, impaired ventilation
(asthma, pneumonia)
SX- anxious, sitting up, increased RR and HR, confusion, behavior
changes, nasal flaring - cyanosis is a late sign
chronic hypoxia correct answers >> long term - Causes? -
COPD, anemia, impaired ventilation, cardiac abnormalities
SX- fatigue, lethargy, clubbed fingers, barrel chest, SOA,
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, activity intolerance
define orthopnea correct answers >> shortness of breath
that occurs when lying flat
an H+H diagnostic blood test correct answers >> hematocrit
- % of total blood volume made up by RBCs
MALE - 42-52% FEMALE - 37-47%
= decreased levels are called anemia
hemoglobin - iron containing pigment of RBC
MALE - 14-18 FEMALE 12-16
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
what does the use of accessory muscles indicate correct
answers >> an attempt to increase lung volume that results in
fatigue is not effective ventilation. indicates ventilatory fatigue,
air hunger, or decreased lung expansion
how does oxygenation of tissues take place correct answers
>> ventilation; the process of moving gases into and out of the
lungs
perfusion; the cardiovascular system pumping oxygenated blood
to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
diffusion; exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and
capillaries
how are respirations regulated (chemical and neural) correct
answers >> neural regulation- CNS controls the respiratory rate,
depth, and rhythm and cerbral cortex control voluntary
respirations
chemical regulation - maintains the rate and depth of respirations
based on changes in the blood concentrations of CO2 and O2 and
in pH, SO the chemoreceptors sense these changes in chemicals
and stimulate the nervous system to adjust
Factors affecting oxygenation - physiology correct answers >>
decreased o2 carrying capacity, hypovolemia (low blood volume,
less hemoglobin to carry O2 through vessels), decreased inspired
O2 conc., increased metabolic rate (infection, sepsis),
,factors affecting oxygenation - chest wall movement correct
answers >> prgnancy, obesity, neuromuscular disease,
musculoskeletal deformities, trauma, alterations to CNS
COPD and oxygenation correct answers >> -these pts have
adapted to a high level of CO2, so the CO2 sensitive receptors do
not function
-COPD pts stimulus to breathe is low O2, while normally it is high
CO2
-receptors in the aortic arch and carotid bodies are sensitive to
low O2 level causing increased ventilation when low O2
-SO, administering high levels of O2 to these pts prevents their
O2 level from falling and stimulating the receptors, which
REMOVES THEIR STIMULUS TO BREATHE
hyper and hypo ventilation correct answers >> hyper-
breathing in excess of what is required to remove CO2
hypo- inadequate breathing to meet bodys O2 demands or needs
to eliminate CO2
nursing notes on oxygenation - developmental factors correct
answers >> -mental status changes are 1st sign of respiratory
problem
-may not complain of dyspea until it affects ADLs
- changes in coughing mechanism may lead to retention of
secretions and atelectasis (when using cough suppressants)
-diminshed respiratory muscles from changes in thorax lead to
issues w chest expansion
,nursing note on oxygenation - lifestyle correct answers >>
smoking (heart disease, COPD, lung cancer), substance abuse
(impairs tissue perfusion), stress (increases metabolic rate and
oxygen demand of the body)
nursing note on oxygenation - environmental factors correct
answers >> the incidence of pulmonary disease is higher in
smoggy, urban areas
-work place risks include asbestosis, coccidiodomycosis
thorough assessment of oxygenation and systems correct
answers >> past impairments of circulatory or respiratory
function, methods pt uses to optimize oxygenation, review of
allergies, physical examination, lab and diagnostic tests.
-HX of chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing, resp. infections, meds,
fatigue, cough, smoking, exposures
-EXAMINE skin and mucous membranes, LOC, breathing patterns,
chest wall movement, palpate chest, feet, legs, pulses, auscultate
heart and lung sounds
how to assess breath sounds correct answers >> rate,
volume (shallow or deep), rhythm (regular or irregular), effort,
AP:LAT diameter (1:2), cough (productive or not) - amt., color,
consistency, odor
what causes decreased or absent breath sounds correct
answers >> pneumothorax, emphysema, removed lung lobes,
obstruction, atelectasis
, difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia correct answers
>> hypoxia - inadequate tissue oxygenation at cell level
hypoxemia - low level of oxygen in arterial blood
what is a more invasive way than pulse oximetry of determining
level of oxygenation correct answers >> arterial blood gases
(ABGs) - invasive way to measure partial pressure of O2 in blood.
NORMAL 80-100
acute hypoxia correct answers >> SUDDEN - causes? -
obstructed airway, pulmonary embolism, impaired ventilation
(asthma, pneumonia)
SX- anxious, sitting up, increased RR and HR, confusion, behavior
changes, nasal flaring - cyanosis is a late sign
chronic hypoxia correct answers >> long term - Causes? -
COPD, anemia, impaired ventilation, cardiac abnormalities
SX- fatigue, lethargy, clubbed fingers, barrel chest, SOA,
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, activity intolerance
define orthopnea correct answers >> shortness of breath
that occurs when lying flat
an H+H diagnostic blood test correct answers >> hematocrit
- % of total blood volume made up by RBCs
MALE - 42-52% FEMALE - 37-47%
= decreased levels are called anemia
hemoglobin - iron containing pigment of RBC
MALE - 14-18 FEMALE 12-16
