NPP-201 | NURSING FUNDAMENTALS EXAM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS – UPDATED 2025 TEST BANK WITH COMPLETE
QUESTION AND ANSWERS & GUARANTEED A+ SUCCESS.
☑️
1. Define Sinus Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm, rate 100–180 beats/min (higher in infants).
☑️
2. When is the best time of the month to perform a self-breast examination?
4th to 7th day during the menstrual cycle or days after the cycle has ended.
☑️
3. Define Total Patient Care
The RN is responsible for all aspects of care for one or more patients during a
shift. Care is consistent, comprehensive, and holistic. The RN works directly with
the patient, family, and health care team members, and may delegate certain
tasks.
☑️
4. Define Primary Nursing
One primary RN assumes responsibility for a caseload of patients and
provides care throughout their stay in the facility. The RN assesses the patient,
develops a care plan, and delivers nursing interventions. Communication is
lateral—from nurse to nurse and caregiver to caregiver.
☑️
5. Define Major Surgery
Involves extensive reconstruction or alteration of body parts and poses a
great risk to well-being.
☑️
6. Describe a Stage II Pressure Ulcer
Partial-thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow ulcer with a red-pink
wound bed without slough. It may appear as an intact or ruptured serum-filled
blister, or a shiny, dry, shallow ulcer without slough or bruising.
,☑️
7. Define Presbycusis
Hearing loss associated with aging, involving both reduced hearing
sensitivity and decreased speech clarity.
☑️
8. Define Ventilation
Movement of air in and out of the lungs. Involves the afterload ejection of
blood from the left ventricle.
☑️
9. Define Contact Precaution
Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms by
direct or indirect contact.
☑️
10. What sound do Rhonchi make?
Sonorous wheeze — coarse, low-pitched sound that may clear with coughing.
☑️ Agreements to keep promises.
11. Define Fidelity
☑️
12. Define Justice
Fairness in care delivery and use of resources.
☑️
13. Define Nonmaleficence
Avoidance of harm or injury.
☑️
14. Define Acid–Base Imbalance
☑️
Two main types: Respiratory and Metabolic.
Four classifications:
● Respiratory Acidosis
● Respiratory Alkalosis
, ● Metabolic Acidosis
● Metabolic Alkalosis
☑️
15. Define Respiratory Acidosis
☑️
Increased PaCO₂
☑️
Increased hydrogen ion concentration
☑️
pH below 7.35
☑️
Both reflect excess carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) in the blood.
Hypoventilation produces respiratory acidosis, causing cerebrospinal fluid
and brain cells to become acidic, decreasing the level of consciousness.
☑️
16. Define Respiratory Alkalosis
☑️
Decreased PaCO₂
☑️
Increased pH above 7.45
☑️
Reflects a deficit of carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) in the blood.
Hyperventilation produces respiratory alkalosis, which causes cerebrospinal
fluid and brain cells to become alkalotic, decreasing the level of consciousness.
☑️
17. Define Metabolic Acidosis
Results from conditions that increase metabolic acids in the body or decrease
☑️
the amount of base (bicarbonate).
Bicarbonate levels are low because the bicarbonate system buffers metabolic
☑️
acids.
☑️
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common cause of metabolic acidosis.
Anion Gap Calculation:
● Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻ = Total
● Total − Na⁺ concentration = Anion Gap
18. Which leadership skills should a nursing student use when caring for
☑️
patients?
☑️
Clinical decision-making
Priority setting
ANSWERS – UPDATED 2025 TEST BANK WITH COMPLETE
QUESTION AND ANSWERS & GUARANTEED A+ SUCCESS.
☑️
1. Define Sinus Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm, rate 100–180 beats/min (higher in infants).
☑️
2. When is the best time of the month to perform a self-breast examination?
4th to 7th day during the menstrual cycle or days after the cycle has ended.
☑️
3. Define Total Patient Care
The RN is responsible for all aspects of care for one or more patients during a
shift. Care is consistent, comprehensive, and holistic. The RN works directly with
the patient, family, and health care team members, and may delegate certain
tasks.
☑️
4. Define Primary Nursing
One primary RN assumes responsibility for a caseload of patients and
provides care throughout their stay in the facility. The RN assesses the patient,
develops a care plan, and delivers nursing interventions. Communication is
lateral—from nurse to nurse and caregiver to caregiver.
☑️
5. Define Major Surgery
Involves extensive reconstruction or alteration of body parts and poses a
great risk to well-being.
☑️
6. Describe a Stage II Pressure Ulcer
Partial-thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow ulcer with a red-pink
wound bed without slough. It may appear as an intact or ruptured serum-filled
blister, or a shiny, dry, shallow ulcer without slough or bruising.
,☑️
7. Define Presbycusis
Hearing loss associated with aging, involving both reduced hearing
sensitivity and decreased speech clarity.
☑️
8. Define Ventilation
Movement of air in and out of the lungs. Involves the afterload ejection of
blood from the left ventricle.
☑️
9. Define Contact Precaution
Safeguards designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms by
direct or indirect contact.
☑️
10. What sound do Rhonchi make?
Sonorous wheeze — coarse, low-pitched sound that may clear with coughing.
☑️ Agreements to keep promises.
11. Define Fidelity
☑️
12. Define Justice
Fairness in care delivery and use of resources.
☑️
13. Define Nonmaleficence
Avoidance of harm or injury.
☑️
14. Define Acid–Base Imbalance
☑️
Two main types: Respiratory and Metabolic.
Four classifications:
● Respiratory Acidosis
● Respiratory Alkalosis
, ● Metabolic Acidosis
● Metabolic Alkalosis
☑️
15. Define Respiratory Acidosis
☑️
Increased PaCO₂
☑️
Increased hydrogen ion concentration
☑️
pH below 7.35
☑️
Both reflect excess carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) in the blood.
Hypoventilation produces respiratory acidosis, causing cerebrospinal fluid
and brain cells to become acidic, decreasing the level of consciousness.
☑️
16. Define Respiratory Alkalosis
☑️
Decreased PaCO₂
☑️
Increased pH above 7.45
☑️
Reflects a deficit of carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) in the blood.
Hyperventilation produces respiratory alkalosis, which causes cerebrospinal
fluid and brain cells to become alkalotic, decreasing the level of consciousness.
☑️
17. Define Metabolic Acidosis
Results from conditions that increase metabolic acids in the body or decrease
☑️
the amount of base (bicarbonate).
Bicarbonate levels are low because the bicarbonate system buffers metabolic
☑️
acids.
☑️
Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common cause of metabolic acidosis.
Anion Gap Calculation:
● Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻ = Total
● Total − Na⁺ concentration = Anion Gap
18. Which leadership skills should a nursing student use when caring for
☑️
patients?
☑️
Clinical decision-making
Priority setting
