CRM 1300 FINAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED DETAILED ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ANSWERS
criminal law - correct answer✔✔purpose to protect the public from the wrongdoing of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
others
rules for criminal law can be found in the statutory law or common law.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
It is distinguished from civil law (torts and contracts) which deal with private wrongs.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mala in se vs mala prohibita - correct answer✔✔mala in se= wrong in and of itself ex
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
murder ||\\//||
mala prohibita= merely prohibited, changes over time ex weed
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Felonies vs. Misdemeanors - correct answer✔✔misdemeanor - a minor crime, typically
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
punished by a fee or less than 1 year in jail. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
felony (or high crime) - a major crime, typically punished by 1 year or longer in prison.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Actus Reus and Mens Rea - correct answer✔✔actus reus = voluntary act or omission
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mens rea= criminal intent ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Consensus Perspective - correct answer✔✔- acts that offend morals are crimes ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,- punished according to order and rules
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-lower class more likely to commit crime||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-criminal behaviour is learned and socialized, something wrong with the individual to ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
commit a crime ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- need crime to make laws and norms
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
conflict perspective - correct answer✔✔- ruling class shapes what we think about crime
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-lower class is more likely to be labelled a criminal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-crime/law is created by ruling class ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- crime is a reaction to social conditions
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-crime varies on society ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
crime as legal violations - correct answer✔✔-Paul Tappan
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-consensus ||\\//||
-something is a crime if it says so in the law ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
four elements of a crime:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- state defined
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-mens rea ||\\//||
-actus reus ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-capacity ||\\//||
significance:
- not everyone is caught
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-assumes consensus ||\\//||
,crime as social injury - correct answer✔✔-Edwin Sutherland
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-consensus ||\\//||
-legal criteria should include antisocial behaviour, and unethical business practices,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Two elements of a crime:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
"Legal description as socially injurious" ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
"Legal provision of penalty ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
significance: ||\\//||
expands scope to white collar crime ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
still bounded by law
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
crime violates conduct norms - correct answer✔✔- Sellin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-consensus ||\\//||
-conduct norms = prescriptions for behaviour in every social group, present in every
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
society/group ||\\//||
- we must go beyond function of law to understand crime
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- even those without law still have norms
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
significance: ||\\//||
- some conduct norms are universal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- criminologists must study culture
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
crime as anomalous behaviour - correct answer✔✔- Leslie Wilkins conduct continuum
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-consensus ||\\//||
, - bell curve, most people in the midland the outside is rare
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- universal set of norms that help evaluate right and wrong
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
significance: ||\\//||
relies too heavily on norms ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- too simplistic assumes people fall into categories
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
crime as labelled stigma - correct answer✔✔- Becker
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- conflict
||\\//|| ||\\//||
- the deviant is the only the label has successfully been applied
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- moral entrepreneurs= the people the state only listens to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-labelling = the biggest problem ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- social control = crime
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
significance: ||\\//||
- no behaviour is inherently criminal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- how much crime is behaviour and how much is social response
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
crime as human rights violation - correct answer✔✔-herbert and Julia schwendinger
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-conflict ||\\//||
- should criminalize things that create racism and sexism
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- wants us to look at the structure of society overall, oppressors and oppressed
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- criminologists should be looking to defend human rights instead of studying petty crimes
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
significance: ||\\//||
- inequality = crime
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
ANSWERS
criminal law - correct answer✔✔purpose to protect the public from the wrongdoing of
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
others
rules for criminal law can be found in the statutory law or common law.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
It is distinguished from civil law (torts and contracts) which deal with private wrongs.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mala in se vs mala prohibita - correct answer✔✔mala in se= wrong in and of itself ex
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
murder ||\\//||
mala prohibita= merely prohibited, changes over time ex weed
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Felonies vs. Misdemeanors - correct answer✔✔misdemeanor - a minor crime, typically
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
punished by a fee or less than 1 year in jail. ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
felony (or high crime) - a major crime, typically punished by 1 year or longer in prison.
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Actus Reus and Mens Rea - correct answer✔✔actus reus = voluntary act or omission
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
mens rea= criminal intent ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Consensus Perspective - correct answer✔✔- acts that offend morals are crimes ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
,- punished according to order and rules
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-lower class more likely to commit crime||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-criminal behaviour is learned and socialized, something wrong with the individual to ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
commit a crime ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- need crime to make laws and norms
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
conflict perspective - correct answer✔✔- ruling class shapes what we think about crime
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-lower class is more likely to be labelled a criminal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-crime/law is created by ruling class ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- crime is a reaction to social conditions
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-crime varies on society ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
crime as legal violations - correct answer✔✔-Paul Tappan
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-consensus ||\\//||
-something is a crime if it says so in the law ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
four elements of a crime:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- state defined
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-mens rea ||\\//||
-actus reus ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-capacity ||\\//||
significance:
- not everyone is caught
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-assumes consensus ||\\//||
,crime as social injury - correct answer✔✔-Edwin Sutherland
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-consensus ||\\//||
-legal criteria should include antisocial behaviour, and unethical business practices,
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
Two elements of a crime:
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
"Legal description as socially injurious" ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
"Legal provision of penalty ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
significance: ||\\//||
expands scope to white collar crime ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
still bounded by law
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
crime violates conduct norms - correct answer✔✔- Sellin
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-consensus ||\\//||
-conduct norms = prescriptions for behaviour in every social group, present in every
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
society/group ||\\//||
- we must go beyond function of law to understand crime
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- even those without law still have norms
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
significance: ||\\//||
- some conduct norms are universal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- criminologists must study culture
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
crime as anomalous behaviour - correct answer✔✔- Leslie Wilkins conduct continuum
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-consensus ||\\//||
, - bell curve, most people in the midland the outside is rare
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- universal set of norms that help evaluate right and wrong
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
significance: ||\\//||
relies too heavily on norms ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- too simplistic assumes people fall into categories
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
crime as labelled stigma - correct answer✔✔- Becker
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- conflict
||\\//|| ||\\//||
- the deviant is the only the label has successfully been applied
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- moral entrepreneurs= the people the state only listens to
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-labelling = the biggest problem ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- social control = crime
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
significance: ||\\//||
- no behaviour is inherently criminal
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- how much crime is behaviour and how much is social response
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
crime as human rights violation - correct answer✔✔-herbert and Julia schwendinger
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
-conflict ||\\//||
- should criminalize things that create racism and sexism
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- wants us to look at the structure of society overall, oppressors and oppressed
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
- criminologists should be looking to defend human rights instead of studying petty crimes
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
significance: ||\\//||
- inequality = crime
||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//|| ||\\//||
