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1. What is the fovea centralis?
A. A muscle controlling the pupil size
B. A structure that absorbs light to prevent reflection
C. A tiny pit in the retina responsible for the clearest vision
D. A layer of blood vessels behind the retina
2. What is the primary function of rods in the retina?
A. Night and peripheral vision
B. Color perception
C. Visual acuity in bright light
D. Central vision
3. What is the primary function of cones in the retina?
A. Peripheral vision
B. Color and fine-detail vision in bright light
C. Night vision
D. Depth perception only
4. Are there more rods or cones in the fovea centralis?
A. Cones
B. Rods
C. Equal numbers
D. None
5. Which part of the retina provides the greatest visual acuity?
A. Fovea centralis
, B. Peripheral retina
C. Optic nerve
D. Sclera
6. What does Cognitive Theory focus on?
A. Conditioning through repetition and reward
B. How internal thoughts, plans, and self-concept influence behavior
C. Reflexive responses to stimuli
D. Biological drives and needs
7. What does Behavioral Theory emphasize?
A. How behavior is shaped by environmental stimuli and consequences
B. How sensory memory impacts long-term recall
C. How emotions affect balance and mobility
D. How spatial mapping occurs in the brain
8. What is Classical Conditioning?
A. Learning through pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned
stimulus
B. Learning through trial and error
C. Using rewards to increase behavior
D. Using punishments to decrease behavior
9. What is an Unconditioned Response?
A. A natural, unlearned reaction to a stimulus (e.g., salivating to food)
B. A learned reaction to a neutral cue
C. A suppressed behavioral reflex
D. An automatic visual fixation
10.What is an Unconditioned Stimulus?
A. A stimulus that naturally triggers a response
B. A stimulus paired through learning
C. A conditioned reinforcer
D. A verbal prompt
, 11.What is a Conditioned Response?
A. A learned reaction to a previously neutral stimulus
B. A reflex to an innate cue
C. A suppressed habit
D. A biological impulse
12.What is Systematic Desensitization?
A. Gradually exposing an individual to anxiety-inducing stimuli while
maintaining relaxation
B. Immediate exposure to fearful environments
C. Rewarding relaxation after exposure
D. Ignoring anxiety triggers
13.What is Deconditioning in O&M instruction?
A. Extinguishing a previously conditioned fear response through safe,
supportive experiences
B. Increasing responsiveness to fear-inducing cues
C. Conditioning new responses using punishment
D. Strengthening automatic mobility skills
14.What is Operant Conditioning?
A. Learning based on the consequences of behavior
B. Learning by pairing two neutral stimuli
C. Learning through internal cognition only
D. Learning without reinforcement
15.What is a Reinforcer?
A. Any event that increases the likelihood of a behavior
B. A punishment for incorrect behavior
C. A neutral event in the learning process
D. A cue for spatial orientation
16.Which of the following is a Positive Reinforcer?
A. Giving a learner praise or a hall pass for good cane technique
B. Removing access to a reward