PARAMEDIC NATIONAL REGISTRY EXAM REVIEW |
TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE | TRUSTED TEST
SOLUTIONS!
Stridor - Answer: harsh, high-pitched sound, swelling, FB in upper airway
Snoring - Answer: tongue blocking airway
Gurgling - Answer: indicates presence of fluid in the upper airway, need for suctioning
Decorticate posturing - Answer: characterized by upper extremities flexed at the elbows
and held closely to the body and lower extremities that are externally rotated and
extended. Occurs when the brainstem is not inhibited by the motor function of the
cerebral cortex.
Decerebrate posturing - Answer: (worse) extended and internally rotated elbows and
legs, teeth clenched, legs stiff and feet extended
Babinski response - Answer: big toe moves upward and other toes fan out when
stroking bottom of foot, means CNS problem
Dilated pupils - Answer: Mydriasis
Cardiac arrest, shock, cereal hypoxia, cocaine, epinephrine, amphetamines
Small/constricted pupils - Answer: -Miosis
Narcotics, central nervous system disorder, glaucoma medication, bright light
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Unequal pupils - Answer: -Anisocoria
Brain injury, brain tumor, stroke, artificial eye, some eye medications, eye injury or
disease, ICP
Nystagmus - Answer: rapid involuntary movements of the eyes
Causes of distended neck veins (JVD) - Answer: -Tension penumothorax
-Cardiac tamponade
-Right heart failure
-Traumatic asphyxia
-Pulmonary embolus
-Emphysema
-Chronic bronchitis
-best seen at a 45 degree angle
Flat neck viens - Answer: -Hemothorax
-Dehydration
-Shock
-best seen with patient supine
Apenustic - Answer: long, deep breaths that are stopped during inspirations then
periods of apnea
Causes of apneustic breath sounds - Answer: CNS injury or stroke
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Biot (ataxic) respirations - Answer: Irregular pattern, rate, and depth of respirations with
intermittent periods of apnea; result from increased intracranial pressure.
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - Answer: Increasing in rate and depth, decreasing in rate
and depth with period of apnea, results from a neurological condition
Hyperventilation - Answer: Rapid and shallow
Kussmaul respirations - Answer: Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an
accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body.
Fruity breath
Rales/Crackles - Answer: Fluid in small airways/alveoli
Causes of Rales/Crackles - Answer: CHF, pulmonary edema, drowning, pneumonia,
COPD
Rhonchi - Answer: Mucus or fluid in larger airways/bronchi
Causes of rhonchi - Answer: Bronchitis, COPD, penumonia
Wheezing - Answer: Whistling sound due to bronchoconstriction or narrowing of the
terminal bronchioes due to edema
Causes of wheezing - Answer: Asthma and allergic reactions
Right upper quadrant - Answer: -Liver
-Gallbladder
-Stomach
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Left upper quadrant - Answer: -Spleen
-Liver
-Stomach
-Pancreas
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) - Answer: -Appendix
-Right ovary & tube
-Bladder if distended
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) - Answer: -Left ovary & tube
-Bladder if distended
Somatic pain - Answer: -irritation of peritoneal lining
-sharp, localized, throbbing, deep breath increases pain
Referred pain - Answer: Discomfort perceived in other parts of body, such as cardiac
pain referred to jaw or arm
Cullen's sign - Answer: Ecchymosis around umbilicus, bleeding in abdominal cavity
Grey Turner's sign - Answer: -ecchymosis involving the flanks.
-Indication for bleeding from kidneys, hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Kehr's sign - Answer: Refereed pain to shoulder
4
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE | TRUSTED TEST
SOLUTIONS!
Stridor - Answer: harsh, high-pitched sound, swelling, FB in upper airway
Snoring - Answer: tongue blocking airway
Gurgling - Answer: indicates presence of fluid in the upper airway, need for suctioning
Decorticate posturing - Answer: characterized by upper extremities flexed at the elbows
and held closely to the body and lower extremities that are externally rotated and
extended. Occurs when the brainstem is not inhibited by the motor function of the
cerebral cortex.
Decerebrate posturing - Answer: (worse) extended and internally rotated elbows and
legs, teeth clenched, legs stiff and feet extended
Babinski response - Answer: big toe moves upward and other toes fan out when
stroking bottom of foot, means CNS problem
Dilated pupils - Answer: Mydriasis
Cardiac arrest, shock, cereal hypoxia, cocaine, epinephrine, amphetamines
Small/constricted pupils - Answer: -Miosis
Narcotics, central nervous system disorder, glaucoma medication, bright light
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Unequal pupils - Answer: -Anisocoria
Brain injury, brain tumor, stroke, artificial eye, some eye medications, eye injury or
disease, ICP
Nystagmus - Answer: rapid involuntary movements of the eyes
Causes of distended neck veins (JVD) - Answer: -Tension penumothorax
-Cardiac tamponade
-Right heart failure
-Traumatic asphyxia
-Pulmonary embolus
-Emphysema
-Chronic bronchitis
-best seen at a 45 degree angle
Flat neck viens - Answer: -Hemothorax
-Dehydration
-Shock
-best seen with patient supine
Apenustic - Answer: long, deep breaths that are stopped during inspirations then
periods of apnea
Causes of apneustic breath sounds - Answer: CNS injury or stroke
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Biot (ataxic) respirations - Answer: Irregular pattern, rate, and depth of respirations with
intermittent periods of apnea; result from increased intracranial pressure.
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - Answer: Increasing in rate and depth, decreasing in rate
and depth with period of apnea, results from a neurological condition
Hyperventilation - Answer: Rapid and shallow
Kussmaul respirations - Answer: Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an
accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body.
Fruity breath
Rales/Crackles - Answer: Fluid in small airways/alveoli
Causes of Rales/Crackles - Answer: CHF, pulmonary edema, drowning, pneumonia,
COPD
Rhonchi - Answer: Mucus or fluid in larger airways/bronchi
Causes of rhonchi - Answer: Bronchitis, COPD, penumonia
Wheezing - Answer: Whistling sound due to bronchoconstriction or narrowing of the
terminal bronchioes due to edema
Causes of wheezing - Answer: Asthma and allergic reactions
Right upper quadrant - Answer: -Liver
-Gallbladder
-Stomach
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Left upper quadrant - Answer: -Spleen
-Liver
-Stomach
-Pancreas
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) - Answer: -Appendix
-Right ovary & tube
-Bladder if distended
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) - Answer: -Left ovary & tube
-Bladder if distended
Somatic pain - Answer: -irritation of peritoneal lining
-sharp, localized, throbbing, deep breath increases pain
Referred pain - Answer: Discomfort perceived in other parts of body, such as cardiac
pain referred to jaw or arm
Cullen's sign - Answer: Ecchymosis around umbilicus, bleeding in abdominal cavity
Grey Turner's sign - Answer: -ecchymosis involving the flanks.
-Indication for bleeding from kidneys, hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Kehr's sign - Answer: Refereed pain to shoulder
4
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
