Lesuyai Organic Guides 2025
BIO201 – Topic 24: The Human Immune System
24.1 Introduction
The human immune system defends the body from pathogens, toxins, and abnormal cells.
24.2 Definition of the Immune System
The immune system is a biological defence network composed of cells, tissues, and organs.
24.3 Components of the Immune System
Includes lymphatic system, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and white blood cells.
24.4 Types of Immunity
Innate, adaptive, active, passive, natural, and artificial immunity.
24.5 Immune Responses
Primary and secondary responses, cellular and humoral immunity.
24.6 Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens stimulate immune response; antibodies bind and neutralize antigens.
24.7 Mechanisms of Defence
Phagocytosis, inflammation, complement action, antibody production, memory cell formation.
24.8 Vaccination and Immunization
Vaccines stimulate adaptive immunity against specific pathogens.
24.9 Disorders of the Immune System
Includes allergies, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiencies.
24.10 Summary
The immune system protects the body using both innate and adaptive mechanisms.
Exam Section: Structured Questions with Answers
Q: 1. Define immunity.
A: Immunity is the ability of the body to resist infection and disease.
Q: 2. Name two immune system components.
A: Lymph nodes and white blood cells.
© Lesuyai Organic Guides 2025 | BIO201 – Topic 24
BIO201 – Topic 24: The Human Immune System
24.1 Introduction
The human immune system defends the body from pathogens, toxins, and abnormal cells.
24.2 Definition of the Immune System
The immune system is a biological defence network composed of cells, tissues, and organs.
24.3 Components of the Immune System
Includes lymphatic system, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and white blood cells.
24.4 Types of Immunity
Innate, adaptive, active, passive, natural, and artificial immunity.
24.5 Immune Responses
Primary and secondary responses, cellular and humoral immunity.
24.6 Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens stimulate immune response; antibodies bind and neutralize antigens.
24.7 Mechanisms of Defence
Phagocytosis, inflammation, complement action, antibody production, memory cell formation.
24.8 Vaccination and Immunization
Vaccines stimulate adaptive immunity against specific pathogens.
24.9 Disorders of the Immune System
Includes allergies, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiencies.
24.10 Summary
The immune system protects the body using both innate and adaptive mechanisms.
Exam Section: Structured Questions with Answers
Q: 1. Define immunity.
A: Immunity is the ability of the body to resist infection and disease.
Q: 2. Name two immune system components.
A: Lymph nodes and white blood cells.
© Lesuyai Organic Guides 2025 | BIO201 – Topic 24
