Galen 265 Exam 2 Questions with
Accurate Answers
Pulmonary Embolism s/s you report immediately to RRT? - ANSWERSSyncope
Cyanosis
JVD
Hypotension
What is the priority treatment for PE? - ANSWERSHeparin
IVF (for hypotension)
What are NSG interventions for PE? - ANSWERSO2
Lung assessments
Bleeding/fall precautions
Assess u/o, VS & neuro
What is the lab values for Heparin? - ANSWERSPTT = 20-30 (1.5-2.5x) normal
aPTT = 30-40 (1.5-2.5x) normal
Greatest risk factor for Pulmonary Embolism? - ANSWERSImmobility
Long bone fx
Surgery
Smoking
What ABG result is found in Pulmonary Embolism's? - ANSWERSRespiratory Alkalosis
How do we prevent Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia? - ANSWERSidentifying
patients at greatest risk BEFORE therapy begins
What is NSG intervention for HIT? - ANSWERSStop Heparin
Monitor for DVT/PE/VTE formation
Still need an anticoagulant!
What is pleural effusion? - ANSWERSFluid in the pleural space
What are common s/s of Pleural Effusion? - ANSWERSDyspnea
Decreased/absent breath sounds
Decreased tactile fremitus
Treatment for pleural effusion? NSG for treatment? Complication? -
ANSWERSThoracentesis
NSG: VS after, want clear lung sounds
, Complication: pneumothorax from lung puncture
What is Acute Respiratory Failure? - ANSWERSInadequate oxygenation of blood or
inadequate ventilation (VQ Mismatch)
What ABG results are found in ARF? - ANSWERSRespiratory Acidosis
- PaO2 < 60
- pH < 7.35
- SaO2 < 90%
- CO2 > 45
What are common s/s of Acute Respiratory Failure? - ANSWERSCyanosis
Rate changes
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Restlessness
Hypoxia Confusion
NSG Interventions for ARF? - ANSWERSOrthopneic position
Monitor VS, u/o, neuro
HOB elevated if BP tolerates it
O2 therapy
Find/fix cause!
What are Indirect causes of ARDS? - ANSWERSshock, acute pancreatitis, severe
burns, transfusion of blood products, drugs, coma
What are direct causes of ARDS? - ANSWERSpneumonia, aspiration, emboli,
inhalation injury, near-drowning, oxygen toxicity, COVID-19, trauma
What is the pathophysiology for ARDS? - ANSWERSacute respiratory failure WITH
refractory hypoxemia, decreased lung compliance, dyspnea, pulmonary edema and
ground glass appearance on X-Ray
What is NOT found in ARDS? - ANSWERSAdventitious lung sounds
What other s/s is present in ARDS? - ANSWERSdiaphoresis
LOC changes
tachypnea
fever
How do we treat ARDS? - ANSWERSMechanical Ventilation w/ PEEP
Fix cause --> ABX, steroids, etc
NSG Interventions for ARDS? - ANSWERSMonitor VS
Accurate Answers
Pulmonary Embolism s/s you report immediately to RRT? - ANSWERSSyncope
Cyanosis
JVD
Hypotension
What is the priority treatment for PE? - ANSWERSHeparin
IVF (for hypotension)
What are NSG interventions for PE? - ANSWERSO2
Lung assessments
Bleeding/fall precautions
Assess u/o, VS & neuro
What is the lab values for Heparin? - ANSWERSPTT = 20-30 (1.5-2.5x) normal
aPTT = 30-40 (1.5-2.5x) normal
Greatest risk factor for Pulmonary Embolism? - ANSWERSImmobility
Long bone fx
Surgery
Smoking
What ABG result is found in Pulmonary Embolism's? - ANSWERSRespiratory Alkalosis
How do we prevent Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia? - ANSWERSidentifying
patients at greatest risk BEFORE therapy begins
What is NSG intervention for HIT? - ANSWERSStop Heparin
Monitor for DVT/PE/VTE formation
Still need an anticoagulant!
What is pleural effusion? - ANSWERSFluid in the pleural space
What are common s/s of Pleural Effusion? - ANSWERSDyspnea
Decreased/absent breath sounds
Decreased tactile fremitus
Treatment for pleural effusion? NSG for treatment? Complication? -
ANSWERSThoracentesis
NSG: VS after, want clear lung sounds
, Complication: pneumothorax from lung puncture
What is Acute Respiratory Failure? - ANSWERSInadequate oxygenation of blood or
inadequate ventilation (VQ Mismatch)
What ABG results are found in ARF? - ANSWERSRespiratory Acidosis
- PaO2 < 60
- pH < 7.35
- SaO2 < 90%
- CO2 > 45
What are common s/s of Acute Respiratory Failure? - ANSWERSCyanosis
Rate changes
Dyspnea
Tachycardia
Restlessness
Hypoxia Confusion
NSG Interventions for ARF? - ANSWERSOrthopneic position
Monitor VS, u/o, neuro
HOB elevated if BP tolerates it
O2 therapy
Find/fix cause!
What are Indirect causes of ARDS? - ANSWERSshock, acute pancreatitis, severe
burns, transfusion of blood products, drugs, coma
What are direct causes of ARDS? - ANSWERSpneumonia, aspiration, emboli,
inhalation injury, near-drowning, oxygen toxicity, COVID-19, trauma
What is the pathophysiology for ARDS? - ANSWERSacute respiratory failure WITH
refractory hypoxemia, decreased lung compliance, dyspnea, pulmonary edema and
ground glass appearance on X-Ray
What is NOT found in ARDS? - ANSWERSAdventitious lung sounds
What other s/s is present in ARDS? - ANSWERSdiaphoresis
LOC changes
tachypnea
fever
How do we treat ARDS? - ANSWERSMechanical Ventilation w/ PEEP
Fix cause --> ABX, steroids, etc
NSG Interventions for ARDS? - ANSWERSMonitor VS
