WGU D023 School Financial Leadership
2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
GUARANTEED 100% PASS
1st Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER The period of local
district financial responsibility, with little or no assistance from the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER The period of
emerging state responsibility, with the use of flat grants, subventions, and other
nonequalizing state allocations to local districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER The emergence of the
Strayer-Haig concept of a foundation program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the richest
district of the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The rich district would
receive no state funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to
provide the foundation program.
,4th Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER The period of
refinement of the foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
5th Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER "Power" or "open-end"
(shared costs) equalization practices
-20th century
Equalization -CORRECTANSWER state and local districts began exercising a degree
of partnership in establishing and paying for a basic program of education for every
school-age child in the state—at least in theory. In practice, the link between funding
and program quality was questionable.
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan -CORRECTANSWER the percentage of
this program to be paid by each individual district and by the state. This percentage of
state funds would be high for poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that
determination has been made for each district, the same partnership ratio would be
maintained to pay the total cost of the school program in each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER The shift of emphasis
and influence, and funding for special need
,-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating prices
in energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER A focus on adequacy
in education finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements, and must
be constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
Foundational funding -CORRECTANSWER The state provides a minimal level of
funding as a guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to
counteract the disparity of wealth across various districts of a state.
Common School Era -CORRECTANSWER Local school districts were formed to
support the education of the local population, many of whom were the children of
immigrants. In order to accommodate this influx of educational need with limited
personal resources, local property taxes became mandated to support public schools.
Early Colonial Schooling -CORRECTANSWER Funded through tuition or rate changes,
primarily as a funding of the local community or church of that community.
, Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document? -
CORRECTANSWER State Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's
constitution. Access to education and the quality are different depending upon how the
state defines its language. For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal"
to educate all citizens. A "right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while
a "goal" may provide more flexibility in disparity.
What is meant by pupil expenditure? -CORRECTANSWER The pupil expenditure is the
total expense accounted for by that specific student. For example, this funding amount
includes but is not limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human
resource expenses), transportation costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses
(building construction, maintenance, utilities, insurance), and instructional resources
(books, supplies, technology, materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary
as the cost of living changes for the location, but in many states the "foundational per
pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed amount per pupil. In instances where the local
funding is insufficient, it is supplemented by the state.
Financial disparity -CORRECTANSWER
Financial adequacy -CORRECTANSWER
Financial productivity -CORRECTANSWER
2025 WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS GRADED A+
GUARANTEED 100% PASS
1st Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER The period of local
district financial responsibility, with little or no assistance from the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER The period of
emerging state responsibility, with the use of flat grants, subventions, and other
nonequalizing state allocations to local districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER The emergence of the
Strayer-Haig concept of a foundation program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the richest
district of the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The rich district would
receive no state funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to
provide the foundation program.
,4th Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER The period of
refinement of the foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
5th Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER "Power" or "open-end"
(shared costs) equalization practices
-20th century
Equalization -CORRECTANSWER state and local districts began exercising a degree
of partnership in establishing and paying for a basic program of education for every
school-age child in the state—at least in theory. In practice, the link between funding
and program quality was questionable.
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan -CORRECTANSWER the percentage of
this program to be paid by each individual district and by the state. This percentage of
state funds would be high for poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that
determination has been made for each district, the same partnership ratio would be
maintained to pay the total cost of the school program in each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER The shift of emphasis
and influence, and funding for special need
,-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating prices
in energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance -CORRECTANSWER A focus on adequacy
in education finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements, and must
be constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
Foundational funding -CORRECTANSWER The state provides a minimal level of
funding as a guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to
counteract the disparity of wealth across various districts of a state.
Common School Era -CORRECTANSWER Local school districts were formed to
support the education of the local population, many of whom were the children of
immigrants. In order to accommodate this influx of educational need with limited
personal resources, local property taxes became mandated to support public schools.
Early Colonial Schooling -CORRECTANSWER Funded through tuition or rate changes,
primarily as a funding of the local community or church of that community.
, Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document? -
CORRECTANSWER State Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's
constitution. Access to education and the quality are different depending upon how the
state defines its language. For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal"
to educate all citizens. A "right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while
a "goal" may provide more flexibility in disparity.
What is meant by pupil expenditure? -CORRECTANSWER The pupil expenditure is the
total expense accounted for by that specific student. For example, this funding amount
includes but is not limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human
resource expenses), transportation costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses
(building construction, maintenance, utilities, insurance), and instructional resources
(books, supplies, technology, materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary
as the cost of living changes for the location, but in many states the "foundational per
pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed amount per pupil. In instances where the local
funding is insufficient, it is supplemented by the state.
Financial disparity -CORRECTANSWER
Financial adequacy -CORRECTANSWER
Financial productivity -CORRECTANSWER
