Page 1 of 171
NSG123 / NSG 123 Exam 3 (Latest 2025 Update):
Medical-Surgical Nursing I | Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Herzing
Medication selection BP .....ANSWER.....o Decision based on likely
cause of HTN in specific patient
o Degree of HTN present
o HF or other risk factors
o Presence of TOD
o Consider side effects of quality of life
· HTN management guidelines .....ANSWER.....o Suggest only
using meds w/ stage 1 HTN if already had cardiac event such as
MI, stroke, or if other risk factors are present
o Start a lowest dose
o Many times, may require mult. Meds
,Page 2 of 171
o Diuretics 1st choice
o Lifelong commitment to treat HTN
· Common side effects BP meds .....ANSWER.....o All hypertension
meds cause hypotension
o Orthostatic or postural hypotension is common in elderly
o Diuretics can cause fluid and electrolyte loss
o Sudden discontinuation of HTN med can cause rebound HTN
and angina
o Check pregnancy class with all BP meds and question risk vs
reward with provider as appropriate
· Physiology of BP regulation
o Renal system .....ANSWER.....§ Controls NA and H20
· Na retention -> H2o retention-> increased blood vol. -> HTN
· Physiology of BP regulation
,Page 3 of 171
o RAAS system: decreased blood flow to kidney .....ANSWER.....§
Meant to protect the kidney
§ Decreased blood vol. or pressure or decreased NA -> blood
vessels constrict and increase BP-> restores blood flow to kidneys
· RAAS .....ANSWER.....o Angiotensinogen -> converted by renin -
> angiotensin I -> converted by converting enzyme ->
angiotensin II -> (1st pathway) constriction of vascular smooth
muscle -> increased afterload (PVR) -> (2nd pathway)
stimulation of aldosterone secretion -> aldosterone -> increased
H2O and Na retention -> increased preload
· Diuretics .....ANSWER.....o Often the first line med for mild HTN
o Act on the kidneys to help body eliminate NA and H20,
reducing blood vol.
o K sparing diuretics (spironolactone) can be used if needed.
Loop diuretics (furosemide, torsemide) are K wasting
, Page 4 of 171
o Take in the morning
K sparing diuretics (spironolactone) .....ANSWER.....can be used if
needed
· Loop diuretics
o Furosemide (Lasix), torsemide (demadex) .....ANSWER.....k
wasting
o Act in loop of Henle
o Block reabsorption of NA and CL and prevent reabsorption of
H2O
o Can cause hypokalemia
· K regulation .....ANSWER.....o Is cardiotoxic
o Check K levels prior to/during diuretic administration
o Increase food intake of K and/or administer K supplements as
ordered
NSG123 / NSG 123 Exam 3 (Latest 2025 Update):
Medical-Surgical Nursing I | Questions and Verified
Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Herzing
Medication selection BP .....ANSWER.....o Decision based on likely
cause of HTN in specific patient
o Degree of HTN present
o HF or other risk factors
o Presence of TOD
o Consider side effects of quality of life
· HTN management guidelines .....ANSWER.....o Suggest only
using meds w/ stage 1 HTN if already had cardiac event such as
MI, stroke, or if other risk factors are present
o Start a lowest dose
o Many times, may require mult. Meds
,Page 2 of 171
o Diuretics 1st choice
o Lifelong commitment to treat HTN
· Common side effects BP meds .....ANSWER.....o All hypertension
meds cause hypotension
o Orthostatic or postural hypotension is common in elderly
o Diuretics can cause fluid and electrolyte loss
o Sudden discontinuation of HTN med can cause rebound HTN
and angina
o Check pregnancy class with all BP meds and question risk vs
reward with provider as appropriate
· Physiology of BP regulation
o Renal system .....ANSWER.....§ Controls NA and H20
· Na retention -> H2o retention-> increased blood vol. -> HTN
· Physiology of BP regulation
,Page 3 of 171
o RAAS system: decreased blood flow to kidney .....ANSWER.....§
Meant to protect the kidney
§ Decreased blood vol. or pressure or decreased NA -> blood
vessels constrict and increase BP-> restores blood flow to kidneys
· RAAS .....ANSWER.....o Angiotensinogen -> converted by renin -
> angiotensin I -> converted by converting enzyme ->
angiotensin II -> (1st pathway) constriction of vascular smooth
muscle -> increased afterload (PVR) -> (2nd pathway)
stimulation of aldosterone secretion -> aldosterone -> increased
H2O and Na retention -> increased preload
· Diuretics .....ANSWER.....o Often the first line med for mild HTN
o Act on the kidneys to help body eliminate NA and H20,
reducing blood vol.
o K sparing diuretics (spironolactone) can be used if needed.
Loop diuretics (furosemide, torsemide) are K wasting
, Page 4 of 171
o Take in the morning
K sparing diuretics (spironolactone) .....ANSWER.....can be used if
needed
· Loop diuretics
o Furosemide (Lasix), torsemide (demadex) .....ANSWER.....k
wasting
o Act in loop of Henle
o Block reabsorption of NA and CL and prevent reabsorption of
H2O
o Can cause hypokalemia
· K regulation .....ANSWER.....o Is cardiotoxic
o Check K levels prior to/during diuretic administration
o Increase food intake of K and/or administer K supplements as
ordered
