Page 1 of 35
Summary NREMT Medical OBGyn Study Guide Notes (
Latest 2025 )
what is in the left upper abdominal quadrant
.....ANSWER.....stomach, spleen, portion of the pancreas
what is in the right upper abdominal quadrant
.....ANSWER.....liver, gallbladder, duodenum of the small
intestine, and portion of the pancreas
left lower abdominal quadrant .....ANSWER.....contains large and
small intestines of the large intestines, contains the descending
left half of the transverse colon.
right lower abdominal quadrant .....ANSWER.....contains the
large and small intestines. of the large intestine, it contains thw
ascending colon, right half of the transverse colon, and the
appendix.
,Page 2 of 35
cullen sign .....ANSWER.....refers to bruising or discoleration
around the navel(umbilicous)
sign of intraperitoneal hemorage.
Grey turner sign .....ANSWER.....bruising along the side of the
abdomen
sign of retroperitoneal hemorage
murphy's sign .....ANSWER.....palpate below the costal margin on
inspiration.
Kehr's sign .....ANSWER.....pain in tip of shoulder due to irritants
in peritoneal cavity when person is lying down. (left
should=spleen, right shoulder=liver)
signs of GI bleed .....ANSWER.....dark tarry stool (melena)
coffee ground emesis
bloody vomit
upper GI bleeding .....ANSWER.....partial tearing of esophagus
,Page 3 of 35
complete rupture of esophogus due to vomiting
Lower GI bleeding .....ANSWER.....Ulcerative colitis (inflammation
of the colon)
Signs of gallstone .....ANSWER.....right upper quadrant pain
may radiate to right upper back, shoulder, flank.
cholecystitus .....ANSWER.....inflammation of the gallbladder
vommitting, right upper quadrant pain, refferred pain to right
shoulder
nausea, vommitting, fever, chills, rebound tenderness.
appendicitis .....ANSWER.....lower right quadrant pain, nausea,
vomiting, chills, rebound tenderness
pancreatitis .....ANSWER.....upper L and R pain, radiates to the
back and worsens after eating. nausea, vomiting, abdominal
distension. tenderness can be caused by gallstones
, Page 4 of 35
Hepatitis .....ANSWER.....right upper quadrant pain, jaundice,
internal bleeding bleeding lacerated liver refferred pain to right
shoulder
pneumonia .....ANSWER.....cough, fever, dyspnea, occasionally
pain the radiates to upper abdomen
kidney .....ANSWER.....hematuria(blood in urine)
flank pain, costovertebral angle pain/tenderness
renal calculi .....ANSWER.....flank or lower back pain
Urinary tract injury .....ANSWER.....bloody urine(hematuria)
Respiratory alkalosis .....ANSWER.....hyperventilation, fever,
aspirin overdose
opiate overdoes .....ANSWER.....pinpoint pupils, respiratory
arrest, hypotension, sedation/coma
Naloxone IV, IM, IN
Summary NREMT Medical OBGyn Study Guide Notes (
Latest 2025 )
what is in the left upper abdominal quadrant
.....ANSWER.....stomach, spleen, portion of the pancreas
what is in the right upper abdominal quadrant
.....ANSWER.....liver, gallbladder, duodenum of the small
intestine, and portion of the pancreas
left lower abdominal quadrant .....ANSWER.....contains large and
small intestines of the large intestines, contains the descending
left half of the transverse colon.
right lower abdominal quadrant .....ANSWER.....contains the
large and small intestines. of the large intestine, it contains thw
ascending colon, right half of the transverse colon, and the
appendix.
,Page 2 of 35
cullen sign .....ANSWER.....refers to bruising or discoleration
around the navel(umbilicous)
sign of intraperitoneal hemorage.
Grey turner sign .....ANSWER.....bruising along the side of the
abdomen
sign of retroperitoneal hemorage
murphy's sign .....ANSWER.....palpate below the costal margin on
inspiration.
Kehr's sign .....ANSWER.....pain in tip of shoulder due to irritants
in peritoneal cavity when person is lying down. (left
should=spleen, right shoulder=liver)
signs of GI bleed .....ANSWER.....dark tarry stool (melena)
coffee ground emesis
bloody vomit
upper GI bleeding .....ANSWER.....partial tearing of esophagus
,Page 3 of 35
complete rupture of esophogus due to vomiting
Lower GI bleeding .....ANSWER.....Ulcerative colitis (inflammation
of the colon)
Signs of gallstone .....ANSWER.....right upper quadrant pain
may radiate to right upper back, shoulder, flank.
cholecystitus .....ANSWER.....inflammation of the gallbladder
vommitting, right upper quadrant pain, refferred pain to right
shoulder
nausea, vommitting, fever, chills, rebound tenderness.
appendicitis .....ANSWER.....lower right quadrant pain, nausea,
vomiting, chills, rebound tenderness
pancreatitis .....ANSWER.....upper L and R pain, radiates to the
back and worsens after eating. nausea, vomiting, abdominal
distension. tenderness can be caused by gallstones
, Page 4 of 35
Hepatitis .....ANSWER.....right upper quadrant pain, jaundice,
internal bleeding bleeding lacerated liver refferred pain to right
shoulder
pneumonia .....ANSWER.....cough, fever, dyspnea, occasionally
pain the radiates to upper abdomen
kidney .....ANSWER.....hematuria(blood in urine)
flank pain, costovertebral angle pain/tenderness
renal calculi .....ANSWER.....flank or lower back pain
Urinary tract injury .....ANSWER.....bloody urine(hematuria)
Respiratory alkalosis .....ANSWER.....hyperventilation, fever,
aspirin overdose
opiate overdoes .....ANSWER.....pinpoint pupils, respiratory
arrest, hypotension, sedation/coma
Naloxone IV, IM, IN
