A2 oraganic
chem
I
S 2
Eunonver 7
3
5
acyl group =
ally/ group
that contains
carbonyl group
, Factional
Group
11 arenes
·
aromatic compounds arene
contain benzene
ring
·
(i
system of delocalized I
chem prop : ~
due to dealised electoring,arenes arenrichmeelectrophilic
attackunder right conditionis
the
-
physical prop :
· Benzene has van der waals dispersion forces of attraction between the molecules (80 % )
·
non-polar hydrocarbon part in the arene
-
↳ insoluble in water
·
require lots of energy to break
many H-bonds between
11,0 in order for benzene to soluble in water
(X = halides
2) halogenoarenes Jaka
anyl halides) X
·
aromatic compounds
·
contain benzene ring bonded to halogen
chem prop :
·
due to is system delocalised , halogenarenes undergo
of electrophilic attack
·
take part in substitution reactions
physical prop.
·
liquid at room temp .
+
oily texture
·
Dip .
↑ as size of Xy
·
non-polar = insoluble in water
·
require lots of energy to break
many H-bonds between
11,0 in order for benzene to soluble in water
OH
3) Phenols
·
aromatic compounds
contain benzene
ring bonded to hydroxide C-OH)
·
chem prop.
OH group is acidic than in alcohols as the oxygen donates one of its lone pairs of -into its ring system
· -
↳ inc e density to become much more reactive than benzene itself
↳ making it easier for the hydrogen of the -OH group
.
to be donated
react with reactive metals to form alkoxide ions
can e g sodium
·
.
.
physical prop .
·
white crystalline solid smell like disinfectant
, ,
polar soluble in water are to of can form H-bonds with H,0
·
= -
, O
4) acyl chlorides '
·
known as 'acid' chlorides ra
chem prop becauseextremely reactive
-
fuming liquids colorless strong smell
·
, ,
·
remely reactive readily take part + in substitution reactions (CI atom is substituted by other species
physical prop .
&
react
violently withH28 (so cannot conclude whether soluble or not
-
5) amines n -n
-H
chem prop .
basic compounds due to the lone pair of e-on the
nitrogen
·
physical prop .
form H-bond due to the lone pair of e- on the nitrogen o
·can
·
polar soluble
:
in water
smaller amines very soluble in water but
solubility to as the non-polar hydrocarbon chain
·
fishy smell t size y
·
=
iP
6) amides
NH,
chemprop .
·
less basic than amine as the lone pair of - on the nitrogen is delocalised
-
physical prop.
(often) soluble
·
smaller amides very soluble in water but
solubility↓ the non-polar hydrocarbon chain -
·
as
Fri
&
7) amino acids
of -carboxyl group
-
chem prop.
·
react with bases to form salt amine group
·
react with alcohol to form esters
·
amino acids + amines :
amides
physical prop.
·
soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents
· have chiral centre
- > exhibit optical isomers (except for glycine
chem
I
S 2
Eunonver 7
3
5
acyl group =
ally/ group
that contains
carbonyl group
, Factional
Group
11 arenes
·
aromatic compounds arene
contain benzene
ring
·
(i
system of delocalized I
chem prop : ~
due to dealised electoring,arenes arenrichmeelectrophilic
attackunder right conditionis
the
-
physical prop :
· Benzene has van der waals dispersion forces of attraction between the molecules (80 % )
·
non-polar hydrocarbon part in the arene
-
↳ insoluble in water
·
require lots of energy to break
many H-bonds between
11,0 in order for benzene to soluble in water
(X = halides
2) halogenoarenes Jaka
anyl halides) X
·
aromatic compounds
·
contain benzene ring bonded to halogen
chem prop :
·
due to is system delocalised , halogenarenes undergo
of electrophilic attack
·
take part in substitution reactions
physical prop.
·
liquid at room temp .
+
oily texture
·
Dip .
↑ as size of Xy
·
non-polar = insoluble in water
·
require lots of energy to break
many H-bonds between
11,0 in order for benzene to soluble in water
OH
3) Phenols
·
aromatic compounds
contain benzene
ring bonded to hydroxide C-OH)
·
chem prop.
OH group is acidic than in alcohols as the oxygen donates one of its lone pairs of -into its ring system
· -
↳ inc e density to become much more reactive than benzene itself
↳ making it easier for the hydrogen of the -OH group
.
to be donated
react with reactive metals to form alkoxide ions
can e g sodium
·
.
.
physical prop .
·
white crystalline solid smell like disinfectant
, ,
polar soluble in water are to of can form H-bonds with H,0
·
= -
, O
4) acyl chlorides '
·
known as 'acid' chlorides ra
chem prop becauseextremely reactive
-
fuming liquids colorless strong smell
·
, ,
·
remely reactive readily take part + in substitution reactions (CI atom is substituted by other species
physical prop .
&
react
violently withH28 (so cannot conclude whether soluble or not
-
5) amines n -n
-H
chem prop .
basic compounds due to the lone pair of e-on the
nitrogen
·
physical prop .
form H-bond due to the lone pair of e- on the nitrogen o
·can
·
polar soluble
:
in water
smaller amines very soluble in water but
solubility to as the non-polar hydrocarbon chain
·
fishy smell t size y
·
=
iP
6) amides
NH,
chemprop .
·
less basic than amine as the lone pair of - on the nitrogen is delocalised
-
physical prop.
(often) soluble
·
smaller amides very soluble in water but
solubility↓ the non-polar hydrocarbon chain -
·
as
Fri
&
7) amino acids
of -carboxyl group
-
chem prop.
·
react with bases to form salt amine group
·
react with alcohol to form esters
·
amino acids + amines :
amides
physical prop.
·
soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents
· have chiral centre
- > exhibit optical isomers (except for glycine
