NCOI- Unit 2 Cardiovascular Questions
and Answers
What does the conduction system in the heart do? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔responsible for creating and transporting the electrical impulse, or
action potential. The impulse starts depolarization of the cardiac cells and
subsequently heart contraction
Systole - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Contraction of the heart, ejecting blood from the
ventricles
Diastole - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Relaxation of the heart filling the ventricles
Contractibility - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔pumping power. Can be increased by
epinephrine and norepinephrine release by the sympathetic nervous
system. Increasing contractility raises the stroke volume by increasing
ventricular emptying.
,Afterload - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Peripheral resistance against which the left
ventricle must pump. Influenced by the size of the ventricle, wall tension,
and arterial blood pressure.
Murmur Grades 1-6 - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔i. Very faint may only be heard by an
expert not heard in all positions no thrill
ii. Soft heard no positions no thrill
iii. Moderately loud, no thrill
iv. Louder and associated with a palpable thrill
v. Very loud with thrill heard it with the stethoscope partly off the chest
vi. Loudest with thrills heard, with the stethoscope entirely off the chest.
(just above the pericardium not touching the skin)
Diagnostic studies of the cardiovascular system - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Lipid
Profile
C-reactive Protein
Electrocardiogram
Echocardiogram
Nuclear Scans
, Cardiac PET
Cardiovascular MRI
CT angiography (CTA)
Calcium-scoring screen
Cardiac Catheterization
Risk Factors for Primary Hypertension - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔i. Age
ii. Alcohol
iii. Tobacco use
iv. Diabetes mellitus
v. Elevated serum lipids
vi. Excess dietary sodium
vii. Gender (more common in young and middle age males, more common
in women over age 64)
viii. Family history
ix. Obesity
x. Ethnicity
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
and Answers
What does the conduction system in the heart do? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔responsible for creating and transporting the electrical impulse, or
action potential. The impulse starts depolarization of the cardiac cells and
subsequently heart contraction
Systole - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Contraction of the heart, ejecting blood from the
ventricles
Diastole - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Relaxation of the heart filling the ventricles
Contractibility - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔pumping power. Can be increased by
epinephrine and norepinephrine release by the sympathetic nervous
system. Increasing contractility raises the stroke volume by increasing
ventricular emptying.
,Afterload - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Peripheral resistance against which the left
ventricle must pump. Influenced by the size of the ventricle, wall tension,
and arterial blood pressure.
Murmur Grades 1-6 - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔i. Very faint may only be heard by an
expert not heard in all positions no thrill
ii. Soft heard no positions no thrill
iii. Moderately loud, no thrill
iv. Louder and associated with a palpable thrill
v. Very loud with thrill heard it with the stethoscope partly off the chest
vi. Loudest with thrills heard, with the stethoscope entirely off the chest.
(just above the pericardium not touching the skin)
Diagnostic studies of the cardiovascular system - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Lipid
Profile
C-reactive Protein
Electrocardiogram
Echocardiogram
Nuclear Scans
, Cardiac PET
Cardiovascular MRI
CT angiography (CTA)
Calcium-scoring screen
Cardiac Catheterization
Risk Factors for Primary Hypertension - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔i. Age
ii. Alcohol
iii. Tobacco use
iv. Diabetes mellitus
v. Elevated serum lipids
vi. Excess dietary sodium
vii. Gender (more common in young and middle age males, more common
in women over age 64)
viii. Family history
ix. Obesity
x. Ethnicity
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
