PMT
GCSE
BIOLOGY
8461/2F
Paper 2 Foundation Tier
Mark scheme
June 2023
Version: 1.0 Final
, PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/2F – JUNE 2023
Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Examiner.
It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.
Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk
Copyright information
AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own
internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third
party even for internal use within the centre.
Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
2
, PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/2F – JUNE 2023
Information to Examiners
1. General
The mark scheme for each question shows:
the marks available for each part of the question
the total marks available for the question
the typical answer or answers which are expected
extra information to help the examiner make their judgement
the Assessment Objectives and specification content that each question is intended to cover.
The extra information is aligned to the appropriate answer in the left-hand part of the mark scheme and
should only be applied to that item in the mark scheme.
At the beginning of a part of a question a reminder may be given, for example: where consequential
marking needs to be considered in a calculation; or the answer may be on the diagram or at a different
place on the script.
In general the right-hand side of the mark scheme is there to provide those extra details which confuse
the main part of the mark scheme yet may be helpful in ensuring lthat lmarking lis lstraightforward land
lconsistent l(for lexample, la lscientifically lcorrect lanswer lthat lcould lnot lreasonably lbe lexpected lfrom la
lstudent’s lknowledge lof lthe lspecification).
2. Emboldening land lunderlining
2.1 In la llist lof lacceptable lanswers lwhere lmore lthan lone lmark lis lavailable l‘any ltwo lfrom’ lis lused,
lwith lthe lnumber lof lmarks lemboldened. l Each lof lthe lfollowing lbullet lpoints lis la lpotential lmark.
2.2 A lbold land lis lused lto lindicate lthat lboth lparts lof lthe lanswer lare lrequired lto laward lthe lmark.
2.3 Alternative lanswers lacceptable lfor la lmark lare lindicated lby lthe luse lof lor.
Alternative lwords lin lthe lmark lscheme lare lshown lby la lsolidus leg lallow lsmooth l/ lfree lmovement.
2.4 Any lwording lthat lis lunderlined lis lessential lfor lthe lmarking lpoint lto lbe lawarded.
3
GCSE
BIOLOGY
8461/2F
Paper 2 Foundation Tier
Mark scheme
June 2023
Version: 1.0 Final
, PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/2F – JUNE 2023
Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Examiner.
It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.
Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk
Copyright information
AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own
internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third
party even for internal use within the centre.
Copyright © 2023 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.
2
, PMT
MARK SCHEME – GCSE BIOLOGY – 8461/2F – JUNE 2023
Information to Examiners
1. General
The mark scheme for each question shows:
the marks available for each part of the question
the total marks available for the question
the typical answer or answers which are expected
extra information to help the examiner make their judgement
the Assessment Objectives and specification content that each question is intended to cover.
The extra information is aligned to the appropriate answer in the left-hand part of the mark scheme and
should only be applied to that item in the mark scheme.
At the beginning of a part of a question a reminder may be given, for example: where consequential
marking needs to be considered in a calculation; or the answer may be on the diagram or at a different
place on the script.
In general the right-hand side of the mark scheme is there to provide those extra details which confuse
the main part of the mark scheme yet may be helpful in ensuring lthat lmarking lis lstraightforward land
lconsistent l(for lexample, la lscientifically lcorrect lanswer lthat lcould lnot lreasonably lbe lexpected lfrom la
lstudent’s lknowledge lof lthe lspecification).
2. Emboldening land lunderlining
2.1 In la llist lof lacceptable lanswers lwhere lmore lthan lone lmark lis lavailable l‘any ltwo lfrom’ lis lused,
lwith lthe lnumber lof lmarks lemboldened. l Each lof lthe lfollowing lbullet lpoints lis la lpotential lmark.
2.2 A lbold land lis lused lto lindicate lthat lboth lparts lof lthe lanswer lare lrequired lto laward lthe lmark.
2.3 Alternative lanswers lacceptable lfor la lmark lare lindicated lby lthe luse lof lor.
Alternative lwords lin lthe lmark lscheme lare lshown lby la lsolidus leg lallow lsmooth l/ lfree lmovement.
2.4 Any lwording lthat lis lunderlined lis lessential lfor lthe lmarking lpoint lto lbe lawarded.
3
