AQA Psychology A-Level Paper 2 Final
Exam Question and Answers Verified
Solutions| Graded A+
Terms in this set (362) EXAM TESTS VERIFIED ANSWERS
Wilhelm Wundt - First Psychologist
- First Lab in Germany
- Experimental Conditions
- Structuralism and Introspection
Introspection Person Gains knowledge about their
mental state by examining their
conscious thoughts and feelings
Empiricism Knowledge is derived from sensory
experience, characterised by the use of
the scientific method
Scientific Method The investigative methods that are:
- Objective
, - Systematic
- Reliable
Evaluation of Wundt - methods were unreliable as it relied
on non-observable
- Introspection is not accurate because
people are often unaware of are
behaviours
Evaluation of the Scientific Approach - its objective and systematic
- Rely on determinism
- Self corrective
- Create non-naturalistic environments
- Human behaviour is not always
observable to the rules of science
Classical Conditioning Pavlov - When a neutral stimulus is
consistently paired with an
unconditional stimulus so that it takes
on the properties on the stimulus and is
able to produced a conditioned
response
Classical Conditioning steps UCS -> UCR
NS -> No Response
, UCS+NS -> UCR
CS -> CR
Features of CC - If time interval is too great between
conditioning it does not work
- CR will become extinct in the absence
of the UCS after a while
- If extinct and paired again they pair
more quickly (Spontaneous Recovery)
- Stimulus generalisation, CR is created
to things similar to CS
Operant Conditioning Skinner - Learning through
reinforcement or punishment, a
behaviour is more likely if followed by
a desirable concequence
Positive Reinforcement Behaviour Produces a response that is
desirable
Negative Reinforcement Doing something to stop unpleasant
response
Reinforcement Strengthening a response
Punishment An unpleasant consequence following a
behaviour
Features of Classical Conditioning - Scheduling reinforcement makes it
, stronger
- Punishment
Evaluation of Classical Conditioning - Applications in treatment of phobias
- Animal Research cannot be
generalised to humans because they
have different needs to learn
Evaluation of Operant Conditioning - Use of experimental method
- Animal Research cannot be
generalised to humans
Modelling Individuals learn behaviour be
observing others
Imitation Copying a models behaviour
Identification Individual adopts attitudes and
behaviours of a model because they
want to be like them
Vicarious Reinforcement Individuals learn about the likely
consequences by observing a model's
experiences and adjust their behaviour
to obtain the same experience
The Role of the meditational Processes Observer forms a mental representation
pf the behaviour displayed of the model
and the probable consequences it will
also happen to them
Exam Question and Answers Verified
Solutions| Graded A+
Terms in this set (362) EXAM TESTS VERIFIED ANSWERS
Wilhelm Wundt - First Psychologist
- First Lab in Germany
- Experimental Conditions
- Structuralism and Introspection
Introspection Person Gains knowledge about their
mental state by examining their
conscious thoughts and feelings
Empiricism Knowledge is derived from sensory
experience, characterised by the use of
the scientific method
Scientific Method The investigative methods that are:
- Objective
, - Systematic
- Reliable
Evaluation of Wundt - methods were unreliable as it relied
on non-observable
- Introspection is not accurate because
people are often unaware of are
behaviours
Evaluation of the Scientific Approach - its objective and systematic
- Rely on determinism
- Self corrective
- Create non-naturalistic environments
- Human behaviour is not always
observable to the rules of science
Classical Conditioning Pavlov - When a neutral stimulus is
consistently paired with an
unconditional stimulus so that it takes
on the properties on the stimulus and is
able to produced a conditioned
response
Classical Conditioning steps UCS -> UCR
NS -> No Response
, UCS+NS -> UCR
CS -> CR
Features of CC - If time interval is too great between
conditioning it does not work
- CR will become extinct in the absence
of the UCS after a while
- If extinct and paired again they pair
more quickly (Spontaneous Recovery)
- Stimulus generalisation, CR is created
to things similar to CS
Operant Conditioning Skinner - Learning through
reinforcement or punishment, a
behaviour is more likely if followed by
a desirable concequence
Positive Reinforcement Behaviour Produces a response that is
desirable
Negative Reinforcement Doing something to stop unpleasant
response
Reinforcement Strengthening a response
Punishment An unpleasant consequence following a
behaviour
Features of Classical Conditioning - Scheduling reinforcement makes it
, stronger
- Punishment
Evaluation of Classical Conditioning - Applications in treatment of phobias
- Animal Research cannot be
generalised to humans because they
have different needs to learn
Evaluation of Operant Conditioning - Use of experimental method
- Animal Research cannot be
generalised to humans
Modelling Individuals learn behaviour be
observing others
Imitation Copying a models behaviour
Identification Individual adopts attitudes and
behaviours of a model because they
want to be like them
Vicarious Reinforcement Individuals learn about the likely
consequences by observing a model's
experiences and adjust their behaviour
to obtain the same experience
The Role of the meditational Processes Observer forms a mental representation
pf the behaviour displayed of the model
and the probable consequences it will
also happen to them
