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BIOS 251 – Exam 2 Review (100+ Questions) – Cell Cycle, Transport, Tissues, Membranes & Junctions – Chamberlain University

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This document is a comprehensive Exam 2 review guide for BIOS 251: Anatomy and Physiology I at Chamberlain University, prepared for the 2025/2026 academic year. It contains over 100 fully solved questions and answers that span major foundational biology topics, from cellular structure and function to tissue types, membrane transport, and histological specialization. All material is formatted in a direct Q&A layout with concise, exam-relevant phrasing. The content thoroughly reviews the following areas: Cell biology and the cell cycle: mitosis, meiosis, phases of interphase (G1, S, G2), cytokinesis, cellular organelles (nucleus, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton), and protein synthesis Membrane structure and transport: phospholipid bilayer, passive and active transport, osmosis, tonicity, endocytosis, exocytosis, facilitated diffusion Tissue types: all major epithelial tissues (simple, stratified, squamous, cuboidal, columnar), connective tissues (areolar, adipose, dense regular/irregular), muscle tissues (skeletal, cardiac, smooth), and nervous tissue Cell junctions and membranes: tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions, hemidesmosomes, and types of body membranes (serous, mucous, cutaneous, synovial) Histological structure and function: extracellular matrix, fibers (collagen, elastin, reticular), basement membrane, gland types (endocrine, exocrine, merocrine, holocrine) Neural anatomy basics: neuron structure (axon, dendrite, soma), myelin sheath, Schwann cells, nodes of Ranvier Metabolism and respiration: comparison of aerobic and anaerobic pathways and their byproducts This document is ideal for: Students enrolled in BIOS 251 or equivalent introductory A&P I courses Nursing, allied health, and pre-med students preparing for unit or midterm exams Visual and active learners who benefit from repetition and focused question-based review Anyone seeking mastery of cell biology, tissue histology, and physiological fundamentals It delivers a perfect blend of memorization-based content and conceptual explanations, ensuring readiness for both practical and written exams. Keywords: cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, interphase, cytokinesis, organelles, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, phospholipid bilayer, membrane proteins, passive transport, osmosis, tonicity, endocytosis, epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, muscle types, extracellular matrix, collagen, desmosomes, tight junctions, serous membrane, mucous membrane, neuron, axon, dendrites, Schwann cells, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration

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BIOS-251: Exam 2 Review 2025/2026
Exam Questions and Answers | A+ Score
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Cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same

number of chromosomes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Mitosis


The resting phase of mitosis. Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and

prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases - 🧠 ANSWER

✔✔Interphase


Cells that have left the cycle and cease dividing for a long time (or

permanently) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔G Zero (G0) Phase

,The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of

interphase before DNA synthesis begins. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔G1 Phase


The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during

which DNA is replicated. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔S Phase


The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion

of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.




Growth and preparation for mitosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔G2 Phase


First and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become

visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite

sides of the nucleus - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Prophase


Second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the

center of the cell - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Metaphase


The third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate

and move toward opposite poles - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Anaphase

, The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which

the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two

nuclei are formed. - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Telophase


Division of the cytoplasm during cell division - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Cytokinesis


Cell division that produces reproductive cells (gametes) in sexually

reproducing organisms - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Meiosis


Compare and Contrast Mitosis and Meiosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Mitosis

produces two diploid (2n) somatic cells that are genetically identical to each

other and the original parent cell, whereas meiosis produces four haploid

(n) gametes that are genetically unique from each other and the original

parent (germ) cell.


Number of Chromosomes in Humans... - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔46


Haploid Number of Chromosomes In Humans - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔23


Control center of the cell; a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and

responsible for growth and reproduction - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Nucleus




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