Page 1 of 49
WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM AND
STUDY GUIDE EXAM NEWEST 2025 TEST BANK|
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED
A+| WGU D236 FINAL EXAM REVIEW|| BRAND NEW!!
Homeostasis .....ANSWER..... process by which organisms maintain
a relatively stable internal environment
Intracellular Fluid .....ANSWER..... fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of
body weight
- mainly in muscle cells
Extracellular Fluid .....ANSWER..... fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of
bodily fluids
- blood vessels
- skin tissues
- spinal cord
,Page 2 of 49
Diffusion .....ANSWER..... Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis .....ANSWER..... movement of fluid from an area of lower
solute concentration to a higher concentration
Filtration .....ANSWER..... water and solute movement occurs from
an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low
hydrostatic pressure
Osmolality .....ANSWER..... the number of osmotically active
particles per kg of water
Hypertonic .....ANSWER..... osmolality greater than 300.
Hypotonic .....ANSWER..... osmolality less than 300.
- osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
- fluids pulled from body into cell
An isotonic solution .....ANSWER..... 0.09% normal saline
,Page 3 of 49
Interferons (IFNs) .....ANSWER..... type of cytokine that signals
cells to increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus, causing
other cells to become resistant to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
Hypervolemia .....ANSWER..... fluid volume overload
Edema .....ANSWER..... swelling of soft tissues because of excess
fluid accumulation
Causes of edema include: .....ANSWER..... -Increased hydrostatic
(water) pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
- low albumin
, Page 4 of 49
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Symptoms of edema include: .....ANSWER..... - weight gain
- hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
- increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal
failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM AND
STUDY GUIDE EXAM NEWEST 2025 TEST BANK|
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED
A+| WGU D236 FINAL EXAM REVIEW|| BRAND NEW!!
Homeostasis .....ANSWER..... process by which organisms maintain
a relatively stable internal environment
Intracellular Fluid .....ANSWER..... fluid inside of the cell, 2/3 of
body weight
- mainly in muscle cells
Extracellular Fluid .....ANSWER..... fluid outside of the cell, 1/3 of
bodily fluids
- blood vessels
- skin tissues
- spinal cord
,Page 2 of 49
Diffusion .....ANSWER..... Movement of molecules from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Osmosis .....ANSWER..... movement of fluid from an area of lower
solute concentration to a higher concentration
Filtration .....ANSWER..... water and solute movement occurs from
an area of high hydrostatic pressure to an area of low
hydrostatic pressure
Osmolality .....ANSWER..... the number of osmotically active
particles per kg of water
Hypertonic .....ANSWER..... osmolality greater than 300.
Hypotonic .....ANSWER..... osmolality less than 300.
- osmotic pressure is more significant in the body
- fluids pulled from body into cell
An isotonic solution .....ANSWER..... 0.09% normal saline
,Page 3 of 49
Interferons (IFNs) .....ANSWER..... type of cytokine that signals
cells to increase anti-viral defenses.
- are released by cells that are infected with a virus, causing
other cells to become resistant to the virus
- play a role in tumor suppression
Hypervolemia .....ANSWER..... fluid volume overload
Edema .....ANSWER..... swelling of soft tissues because of excess
fluid accumulation
Causes of edema include: .....ANSWER..... -Increased hydrostatic
(water) pressure
- Manifestation: High BP and pitting edema
- Renal Failure, Heart Failure
- Decreased colloid osmotic pressure
- low albumin
, Page 4 of 49
- cirrhosis, starvation
- bacteria infections/burns
- obstruction of lymphatic system (cancer or infection)
Symptoms of edema include: .....ANSWER..... - weight gain
- hypertension
- jugular vein distention
- ALOC (altered level of consciousness)
- weakness
- increased urine output / or decreased in patients with renal
failure
- Rapid RR (resp rate)
- shallow RR
- fluid in lungs
- diarrhea, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), ascites
