HOLISTIC NURSING EXAM 2 WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026
Normal Nutrition correct answers >> Appetite, smell, access
to quality food, ability to feed self or be fed, can masticate, can
swallow, can absorb food, can maintain peristalsis
Older Adults need more correct answers >> protein, B
vitamins, calcium
Changes in body as people age correct answers >> Decrease
in BMR, loss of lean body mass, loss of teeth, decreased
peristalsis, loss of taste between sweet and salty, decreased
sensation of thirst, more medications
Risk factors for undernutrition correct answers >> alcohol or
substance abuse
cognitive dysfunction
decreased activity, functional limitations
depression
low income, limited education
lack of transportation
medical problems/chronic diseases
restricted diet, poor eating habits
social isolation
, Presbyphagia correct answers >> swallowing characteristics
associated with normal aging - decreased lip seal on cups,
reduced masticatory strength, piecemeal swallow. Older adults
often effectively compensate by changing diet consistency and
meal duration
Pharyngeal phase changes affect what age group the most?
correct answers >> 80+ (delay in pharyngeal swallow, reduced
pharyngolaryngeal sensory discrimination)
Normal changes in swallow with age correct answers >>
longer oral transit times
reduced tongue pressure
longer pharyngeal delay times
inconsistent findings of slower pharyngeal wall contraction
What diseases are strongly associated with dysphagia? correct
answers >> CVA, degenerative neurologic diseases (stroke,
parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease, ALS, muscular
dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis)
Head and neck cancer affect swallowing how? correct answers
>> Tumor protrusion into esophagus, surgical or radiation
treatment, medication effects, mechanical pressure
Medication effects on swallowing/nutrition correct answers >>
Dryness, decrease in acid production, taste changes,
nausea/anorexia, speed of eating, ability to feed self, chewing
ability, dysphagia
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
2025/2026
Normal Nutrition correct answers >> Appetite, smell, access
to quality food, ability to feed self or be fed, can masticate, can
swallow, can absorb food, can maintain peristalsis
Older Adults need more correct answers >> protein, B
vitamins, calcium
Changes in body as people age correct answers >> Decrease
in BMR, loss of lean body mass, loss of teeth, decreased
peristalsis, loss of taste between sweet and salty, decreased
sensation of thirst, more medications
Risk factors for undernutrition correct answers >> alcohol or
substance abuse
cognitive dysfunction
decreased activity, functional limitations
depression
low income, limited education
lack of transportation
medical problems/chronic diseases
restricted diet, poor eating habits
social isolation
, Presbyphagia correct answers >> swallowing characteristics
associated with normal aging - decreased lip seal on cups,
reduced masticatory strength, piecemeal swallow. Older adults
often effectively compensate by changing diet consistency and
meal duration
Pharyngeal phase changes affect what age group the most?
correct answers >> 80+ (delay in pharyngeal swallow, reduced
pharyngolaryngeal sensory discrimination)
Normal changes in swallow with age correct answers >>
longer oral transit times
reduced tongue pressure
longer pharyngeal delay times
inconsistent findings of slower pharyngeal wall contraction
What diseases are strongly associated with dysphagia? correct
answers >> CVA, degenerative neurologic diseases (stroke,
parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease, ALS, muscular
dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis)
Head and neck cancer affect swallowing how? correct answers
>> Tumor protrusion into esophagus, surgical or radiation
treatment, medication effects, mechanical pressure
Medication effects on swallowing/nutrition correct answers >>
Dryness, decrease in acid production, taste changes,
nausea/anorexia, speed of eating, ability to feed self, chewing
ability, dysphagia
