EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Florence Nightingale correct answers >> defined nursing in
her "Environmental Theory"; the pioneer of modern nursing and
the reform of hospitals
Environmental Theory correct answers >> defines nursing as
"the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist them
in their recovery"; involves the nurse's initiative to configure
environmental settings appropriate for the gradual restoration of
the patient's health and the external factors associated with the
patient's surroundings affect the life or biological and
physiological processes (1860)
Hildegard Peplau correct answers >> Theory of Interpersonal
Relations that emphasizes the nurse-client relationship as the
foundation of nursing practice (1952)
Virginia Henderson correct answers >> conceptualized the
nurse's role as assisting sick or healthy individuals to gain
independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs
Nursing Need Theory correct answers >> developed by
Virginia Henderson; emphasizes the importance of increasing the
patient's independence and focusing on the basic human needs
so that progress after hospitalization would not be delayed
, Components of Nursing Need Theory correct answers >>
States that patient must:
-Breathe normally
-Eat and drink adequately
-Eliminate body wastes
-Move and maintain desirable postures
-Sleep and rest
-Select suitable clothes; dress and undress
-Maintain body temperature within a normal range by adjusting
clothing and modifying the environment
-Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the
integument
-Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others
-Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears,
or opinions
-Worship according to one's faith
-Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment
-Play or participate in various forms of recreation
-Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal
development and health, and use the available health facilities
Faye Abdellah correct answers >> published her work
"typology of 21 Nursing Problems", which shifted the focus of
nursing from a disease-centered approach to a patient-centered
approach; stated, "nursing is based on an art and science that
molds the attitudes, intellectual competencies, and technical skills
of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people,
sick or well, cope with their health needs (1960)