FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
5 vital signs - ANS respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria - ANS -well defined body specific
and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale - ANS defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing
from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern
nursing
Clara Barton - ANS established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union
soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, goals of nursing research - ANS -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
evidence-based practice (EBP) - ANS a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions,
using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are
achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care
of patients
steps in implementing EBP - ANS Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an
intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a
decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person: - ANS physical, intellectual,
environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness - ANS rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold,
diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
chronic illness - ANS slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in
anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart
disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED
2025/2026.
5 vital signs - ANS respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria - ANS -well defined body specific
and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale - ANS defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing
from medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern
nursing
Clara Barton - ANS established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union
soldiers during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, goals of nursing research - ANS -improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
evidence-based practice (EBP) - ANS a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions,
using the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are
achieved; may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care
of patients
steps in implementing EBP - ANS Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an
intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a
decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person: - ANS physical, intellectual,
environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness - ANS rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold,
diarrhea, pneumonia, appendicitis
chronic illness - ANS slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in
anatomy, requires special patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart
disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
