Poli 250 Final Exam
Ethnicity Definition - Answers-descent-based attributes that define membership or belonging to a group
Ethnicity: structure vs practice - Answers-as structure: numerical distribution of ethnicity in a country
as practice: whether ethnicity is important for a political situation, not always salient
Why is it important to think of ethnicity as multi-dimensional? - Answers-matters for solving the social
choice problem, political shifts can affect how important certain attributes are, we all have lots of
identities that matter at different times, politicians can activate or deactivate identities
ethnic heterogeneity and low public goods theory - Answers-1. preferences - different ethnicities prefer
different goods
2. technology - different technologies (cues or norms) come with different ethnic groups that help solve
the CAP by building networks
3. strategy selection - ethnicity matters if someone thinks you'll act differently based on it, or I'll treat
you differently if I think you'll do the same to me
*only 2 has any real evidence, overall ethnically diverse countries are not poor because of disagreement
over public goods*
ethnic measureing - Answers-ELF: ethnolinguistic fractionalization
- scores based on the number of ethnic groups
- unreliable because it doesn't account for group size (can lump small ethnic groups together)
- doesn't account for cross-cuttingness (when ethnicities share attributes)
, ethnicity v nationality v identity - Answers-ethnicity - a set of inheritable attributes that determine
belonging to a group
nationality - shared traits of a group wanting sovereignty, not inheritable, can enter or exit
identity - ethnicity and nationality are forms of identity
is ethnicity sufficient for conflict? - Answers-no, but it can affect competition over resources and power.
Also isn't always important to political groups
Ethnic conflict and armies theory (Harkness) - Answers-looked at cycles of violence after colonizers left:
- colonizers formed the army around a small ethnic groups, made them reliant on them
- when they left the small group had the power, resources, and structure
- democracy threatens them and takes them out of power causing a cycle of coups and civil wars
Civil War definition - Answers-armed combat within the boundaries of a recognized sovereign entity
between parties subject to a common authority at the outset of hostility
what counts as civil war - Answers-revolution against colonialism, coups where the military splits and
devolves into civil war, peasant insurrection, ethnic insurgencies, resistance to foreign occupiers
what is violence? - Answers-deliberate infliction of harm (terrorism, torture, sexual assault, death,
slavery, forced famine, etc.)
- not random, strategic
- helps you understand the motives and actions of war
- process instead of an outcome, sequence of decisions and events produce violence
production of violence chart - Answers-if intending to govern:
Ethnicity Definition - Answers-descent-based attributes that define membership or belonging to a group
Ethnicity: structure vs practice - Answers-as structure: numerical distribution of ethnicity in a country
as practice: whether ethnicity is important for a political situation, not always salient
Why is it important to think of ethnicity as multi-dimensional? - Answers-matters for solving the social
choice problem, political shifts can affect how important certain attributes are, we all have lots of
identities that matter at different times, politicians can activate or deactivate identities
ethnic heterogeneity and low public goods theory - Answers-1. preferences - different ethnicities prefer
different goods
2. technology - different technologies (cues or norms) come with different ethnic groups that help solve
the CAP by building networks
3. strategy selection - ethnicity matters if someone thinks you'll act differently based on it, or I'll treat
you differently if I think you'll do the same to me
*only 2 has any real evidence, overall ethnically diverse countries are not poor because of disagreement
over public goods*
ethnic measureing - Answers-ELF: ethnolinguistic fractionalization
- scores based on the number of ethnic groups
- unreliable because it doesn't account for group size (can lump small ethnic groups together)
- doesn't account for cross-cuttingness (when ethnicities share attributes)
, ethnicity v nationality v identity - Answers-ethnicity - a set of inheritable attributes that determine
belonging to a group
nationality - shared traits of a group wanting sovereignty, not inheritable, can enter or exit
identity - ethnicity and nationality are forms of identity
is ethnicity sufficient for conflict? - Answers-no, but it can affect competition over resources and power.
Also isn't always important to political groups
Ethnic conflict and armies theory (Harkness) - Answers-looked at cycles of violence after colonizers left:
- colonizers formed the army around a small ethnic groups, made them reliant on them
- when they left the small group had the power, resources, and structure
- democracy threatens them and takes them out of power causing a cycle of coups and civil wars
Civil War definition - Answers-armed combat within the boundaries of a recognized sovereign entity
between parties subject to a common authority at the outset of hostility
what counts as civil war - Answers-revolution against colonialism, coups where the military splits and
devolves into civil war, peasant insurrection, ethnic insurgencies, resistance to foreign occupiers
what is violence? - Answers-deliberate infliction of harm (terrorism, torture, sexual assault, death,
slavery, forced famine, etc.)
- not random, strategic
- helps you understand the motives and actions of war
- process instead of an outcome, sequence of decisions and events produce violence
production of violence chart - Answers-if intending to govern:
