RNSG 1538: ATI Concept Base 3 Summary.

Cellular Regulation: Ch. 89 General Principles of Cancer Risk Factors: ● Age; older higher risk ● Race ● Genetics ● Exposure to chemicals, tobacco & alcohol ● High fat, red meat, & low fiber ● Exposure to sun, UV, & radiation Staging ● T: tumor higher number bigger tumor ● N: node # of lymph nodes involved ● M: Metastasis: 0 no evidence 1 evidence Risk for malnutrition ● Hypermetabolic state due to presence of carcinoma ● Impair ability to ingest, digest, absorb nutrients Ch. 90 Cancer Screening & Diagnostic Procedures C: change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that doesn’t heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump of breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious changes in warts or moles Nagging cough or hoarseness Diagnostics: ● Biopsy provides definitive diagnosis ● Imaging secondary tool; CT, MRI, PET scan, or ultrasound Ch. 91 Cancer Treatment Options ● Remove tumor: tumor excision ● Chemotherapy: damages cell’s DNA or destroys rapidly dividing cells ○ Unintentional harm to normal rapidly proliferating cells ■ Hair, mucous membranes in GI, & bone marrow ○ Implanted port or central catheter ■ High risk for infection Protect & teach