MLSP 5313 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the glycoprotein hormones? Ans✓✓✓- Lutenizing Hormone
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Which hormones are released from the Hypothalamus? Ans✓✓✓-
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Which hormones are released from the Posterior Pituitary? Ans✓✓✓-
Oxytocin
- Anti-diuretic hormone
- synthesized in hypothalamus and transported to posterior pituitary via
hypothalamoneurohypophyseal tract
Which hormones are released from the Anterior Pituitary? Ans✓✓✓-
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Lutenizing hormone (LH)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
,- Prolactin
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH)
Describe arteriosclerosis Ans✓✓✓- Lipids and macrophages with LDL
modified by oxidative processes accumulate in endothelium due to
release of cytokines that signal production of fibrous tissues
- LDL is most associated, treatments to lower LDL levels
- Can lead to PVD/PAD, CAD, CVA
List the risk factors for AMI (acute myocardial infarction) Ans✓✓✓-
Coronary Artery Disease
- Equivalents: diabetes, hyperlipidemia
- Smoking
- HTN
- Low HDL, High LDL
- Familial history
- Age
- Obestiy/Physical Inactivity
- High cholesterol intake
What are the cardiac risk factor determinants? Ans✓✓✓- Lipoprotein
(a)
- Homocysteine
,- High sensitivity CRP
Lipoprotein (a) Ans✓✓✓- variant of LDL with an extra apoprotein
--> apo a attached by sulfide bond to apo-B 100
- size/serum concentration genetically determined
--> varies with ethnicity
Homocysteine Ans✓✓✓- amino acid that is part of the synthetic
pathway of methionine to cysteine
- *increased* plasma levels increases risk of CAD
- coagulability is promoted and vascular endothelium damaged
(oxidative cell damage) which leads to formation of fatty deposits
- B vitamins required for metabolism
- useful for detecting individuals at rsik for unexplained CAD
- assayed by *GC-mass spectrophotomety, HPLC, immunoassays*
What could lead to decreased levels of homocysteine? Ans✓✓✓-
ingestion of folated, vitamins B6 and B12
- deficiency of B vitamins can lead to *hyper*homocysteinemia
hs-CRP Ans✓✓✓- acute phase reactant produced by *liver*
- increased rapidly with inflammation in response to injury/infection
- not present in appreciable amount sin healthy individuals
, - *hs-CRP assays* detect small increases in cardiac disease
Describe the associated between hs-CRP and CAD Ans✓✓✓- positive
association
- elevated baseline levels correlate with high right of future MI/death
Limitations of hs-CRP sample collection Ans✓✓✓- hs-CRP increases
with inflammation/injury so sample should not be taken after a trauma or
illness
- 2 specimens taken one month apart to determine baseline
- high levels should be repeated to avoid misclassification
Fibrinogen Ans✓✓✓- glycoprotein involved in platelet aggregation and
coagulation
- acute phase protein produced in response to inflammation
D-Dimer Ans✓✓✓- end product of thrombus formation and dissolution
that occurs at site of plaques
- precedes myocardial damage, remains elevated for days
- not specific for cardiac damage
- useful in ruling out pulmonary embolisms
Myeloperoxidase Ans✓✓✓- produced by WBCs in response to arterial
inflammation and fatty deposits
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the glycoprotein hormones? Ans✓✓✓- Lutenizing Hormone
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
- Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Which hormones are released from the Hypothalamus? Ans✓✓✓-
Corticotropin-releasing hormone
- Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
- Growth hormone-releasing hormone
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Which hormones are released from the Posterior Pituitary? Ans✓✓✓-
Oxytocin
- Anti-diuretic hormone
- synthesized in hypothalamus and transported to posterior pituitary via
hypothalamoneurohypophyseal tract
Which hormones are released from the Anterior Pituitary? Ans✓✓✓-
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Lutenizing hormone (LH)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
,- Prolactin
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH)
Describe arteriosclerosis Ans✓✓✓- Lipids and macrophages with LDL
modified by oxidative processes accumulate in endothelium due to
release of cytokines that signal production of fibrous tissues
- LDL is most associated, treatments to lower LDL levels
- Can lead to PVD/PAD, CAD, CVA
List the risk factors for AMI (acute myocardial infarction) Ans✓✓✓-
Coronary Artery Disease
- Equivalents: diabetes, hyperlipidemia
- Smoking
- HTN
- Low HDL, High LDL
- Familial history
- Age
- Obestiy/Physical Inactivity
- High cholesterol intake
What are the cardiac risk factor determinants? Ans✓✓✓- Lipoprotein
(a)
- Homocysteine
,- High sensitivity CRP
Lipoprotein (a) Ans✓✓✓- variant of LDL with an extra apoprotein
--> apo a attached by sulfide bond to apo-B 100
- size/serum concentration genetically determined
--> varies with ethnicity
Homocysteine Ans✓✓✓- amino acid that is part of the synthetic
pathway of methionine to cysteine
- *increased* plasma levels increases risk of CAD
- coagulability is promoted and vascular endothelium damaged
(oxidative cell damage) which leads to formation of fatty deposits
- B vitamins required for metabolism
- useful for detecting individuals at rsik for unexplained CAD
- assayed by *GC-mass spectrophotomety, HPLC, immunoassays*
What could lead to decreased levels of homocysteine? Ans✓✓✓-
ingestion of folated, vitamins B6 and B12
- deficiency of B vitamins can lead to *hyper*homocysteinemia
hs-CRP Ans✓✓✓- acute phase reactant produced by *liver*
- increased rapidly with inflammation in response to injury/infection
- not present in appreciable amount sin healthy individuals
, - *hs-CRP assays* detect small increases in cardiac disease
Describe the associated between hs-CRP and CAD Ans✓✓✓- positive
association
- elevated baseline levels correlate with high right of future MI/death
Limitations of hs-CRP sample collection Ans✓✓✓- hs-CRP increases
with inflammation/injury so sample should not be taken after a trauma or
illness
- 2 specimens taken one month apart to determine baseline
- high levels should be repeated to avoid misclassification
Fibrinogen Ans✓✓✓- glycoprotein involved in platelet aggregation and
coagulation
- acute phase protein produced in response to inflammation
D-Dimer Ans✓✓✓- end product of thrombus formation and dissolution
that occurs at site of plaques
- precedes myocardial damage, remains elevated for days
- not specific for cardiac damage
- useful in ruling out pulmonary embolisms
Myeloperoxidase Ans✓✓✓- produced by WBCs in response to arterial
inflammation and fatty deposits
