BIO 202 MIDTERM EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026
Functions of Blood: CORRECT ANSWER Transport of nutrients, gases, and waste products.
Regulation of pH, body temperature, and water content.
Defense against pathogens and excessive bleeding.
Components of Whole Blood: CORRECT ANSWER Plasma (liquid portion) and formed elements
(cells).
Blood Group Classification - Where is the antigen for ABO classification found? CORRECT
ANSWER Found on the surface of red blood cellsR(RBCs).
Blood Group Classification - Where is the antibody for ABO classification found? CORRECT
ANSWER Found in the plasma of the blood.
Blood Group Classification - Where is the antigen for Rh classification found? CORRECT
ANSWER Rh antigen is found on the surface of RBCs
Which blood type is the universal donor and why? CORRECT ANSWER
Blood type O negative is the universal donor because it lacks both A and B antigens, so it can be transfu
sed into recipients with any blood type without causing a transfusion reaction
Which blood type is the universal recipient and why? CORRECT ANSWER
Blood type AB positive is the universal recipient because it lacks antibodies against A, B, and Rh antigens
, so it can receive blood from any blood type without causing a transfusion reaction
What is hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) or erythroblastosis fetalis? CORRECT ANSWER
It occurs when a mother's antibodies attack the red blood cells of her unborn baby, usually due to Rh in
compatibility between mother and fetus.
How can this disease (HDN) be easily treated? CORRECT ANSWER
,HDN can be treated with Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) injections to prevent the mother from forming
antibodies against the baby's blood.
, Define Agglutination CORRECT ANSWER
Agglutination is the clumping of red blood cells caused by the reaction between antibodies and antigens
, often leading to the obstruction of blood vessels and potentially fatal consequences.
Name the 3 types of blood vessels and their function(s) CORRECT
ANSWER Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
Veins: Carry blood towards the heart.
Capillaries: Facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.
What do the blue and red colors represent? CORRECT ANSWER Blue: Represents
deoxygenated blood. Red: Represents oxygenated blood.
Know the unidirectional blood flow in the blood vessels CORRECT
ANSWER ArteriesR→ Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins
Compare and contrast arteries and veins in terms of:
a. Direction of blood flow
b. Pressure
c. The 3 Tunics that make up their walls
d. Valves CORRECT ANSWER
Direction of blood flow:Arteries: Away from the heart.Veins: Towards the heart.
Pressure:Arteries: High pressure.Veins: Low pressure.
The 3 Tunics (layers):Arteries: Thick tunica media (muscle layer), thin tunica externa (outer layer), tunica
intima (inner layer).Veins: Thin tunica media, thicker tunica externa, tunica intima.
Valves:Arteries: No valves.Veins: Have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
Which blood vessels are microscopic? CORRECT ANSWER Capillaries
What is the difference between vasoconstriction and vasodilation? CORRECT ANSWER
Vasoconstriction: Narrowing of blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026
Functions of Blood: CORRECT ANSWER Transport of nutrients, gases, and waste products.
Regulation of pH, body temperature, and water content.
Defense against pathogens and excessive bleeding.
Components of Whole Blood: CORRECT ANSWER Plasma (liquid portion) and formed elements
(cells).
Blood Group Classification - Where is the antigen for ABO classification found? CORRECT
ANSWER Found on the surface of red blood cellsR(RBCs).
Blood Group Classification - Where is the antibody for ABO classification found? CORRECT
ANSWER Found in the plasma of the blood.
Blood Group Classification - Where is the antigen for Rh classification found? CORRECT
ANSWER Rh antigen is found on the surface of RBCs
Which blood type is the universal donor and why? CORRECT ANSWER
Blood type O negative is the universal donor because it lacks both A and B antigens, so it can be transfu
sed into recipients with any blood type without causing a transfusion reaction
Which blood type is the universal recipient and why? CORRECT ANSWER
Blood type AB positive is the universal recipient because it lacks antibodies against A, B, and Rh antigens
, so it can receive blood from any blood type without causing a transfusion reaction
What is hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) or erythroblastosis fetalis? CORRECT ANSWER
It occurs when a mother's antibodies attack the red blood cells of her unborn baby, usually due to Rh in
compatibility between mother and fetus.
How can this disease (HDN) be easily treated? CORRECT ANSWER
,HDN can be treated with Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) injections to prevent the mother from forming
antibodies against the baby's blood.
, Define Agglutination CORRECT ANSWER
Agglutination is the clumping of red blood cells caused by the reaction between antibodies and antigens
, often leading to the obstruction of blood vessels and potentially fatal consequences.
Name the 3 types of blood vessels and their function(s) CORRECT
ANSWER Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.
Veins: Carry blood towards the heart.
Capillaries: Facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between blood and tissues.
What do the blue and red colors represent? CORRECT ANSWER Blue: Represents
deoxygenated blood. Red: Represents oxygenated blood.
Know the unidirectional blood flow in the blood vessels CORRECT
ANSWER ArteriesR→ Arterioles → Capillaries → Venules → Veins
Compare and contrast arteries and veins in terms of:
a. Direction of blood flow
b. Pressure
c. The 3 Tunics that make up their walls
d. Valves CORRECT ANSWER
Direction of blood flow:Arteries: Away from the heart.Veins: Towards the heart.
Pressure:Arteries: High pressure.Veins: Low pressure.
The 3 Tunics (layers):Arteries: Thick tunica media (muscle layer), thin tunica externa (outer layer), tunica
intima (inner layer).Veins: Thin tunica media, thicker tunica externa, tunica intima.
Valves:Arteries: No valves.Veins: Have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
Which blood vessels are microscopic? CORRECT ANSWER Capillaries
What is the difference between vasoconstriction and vasodilation? CORRECT ANSWER
Vasoconstriction: Narrowing of blood vessels, increasing blood pressure.
