GEOG 1113 Exam Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions 2026

GEOG 1113 Exam Study Guide Questions with Complete Solutions 2026 Geography - Correct Answer . Geo + Graphy = Earth + description . Two Types: - Physical Geography ( natural science + human roles) - Human Geography ( social science + environmental roles) - All unified by their SPATIAL PERSPECTIVE Cultural Ecology - Correct Answer . The study of the two way relationship between humans and nature. . Study how human societies interact with their natural environment. . Humans are very much part of the nature they inhabit. . Different approaches: 1) Environmental Determinism 2) Possibilism 3) Humans as modifiers of the earth 4) the earth as a dynamic, integrated system. Environmental Determinism - Correct Answer . Derived from a Classical Greek concept about human-environment zones . Formalized by U.S. Geographers, 1890s-1910s in light of the darwinian revolution in the natural sciences . Basic idea: certain types of physical environments produce certain types of human cultures. . The "Perfect" zone represented the most advanced cultures. . Natural factors control the development of human physiological and mental qualities. Possibilism - Correct Answer . Replaced environmental determinism in the 1920s with emphasis on empiricism (data, fieldwork) . Basic idea: the environment provides opportunities and limitations, but human tradition and innovation are very influential to culture. . Any environment allows a range of possible adaptive strategies . Cultures tend toward conservatism - Anglo-Americans avoidance of grassland for awhile because they thought it was infertile. Innovations like the plow. The key is innova