HESI: MED-SURG 1: EXAM 2
MATERIAL WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
A patient has a pH of 7.21, PaCO2 of 49, HCO3- of 22. The patient is hypo-
ventilating and tachycardia. What condition does this patient have? respiratory
acidosis
A patient has a pH of 7.31, PaCO2 of 36, HCO3- of 18. The patient has an increased
respiratory rate and depth (Kussmaul's respirations), confused, and decreased
blood pressure. What condition does this patient have? metabolic acidosis
A patient has a pH of 7.51, PaCO2 of 36, HCO3- of 35. The patient has been
vomiting for 3 days straight and their lab levels show a decreased calcium and
potassium. What condition does this patient have? metabolic alkalosis
A patient has a pH of 7.62, PaCO2 of 21, HCO3- of 24. The patient is
hyperventilating and their fingers are numb and tingling. What condition does this
patient have? respiratory alkalosis
D5W is _______ in the bag, but ________ in the body isotonic; hypotonic
hematocrit in decreases with over hydration and anemia
hematocrit in increases with dehydration
,how can we assess nitrogen balance of PN? 24 hour urine nitrogen collection
how can we treat respiratory acidosis? administer O2/ fix hypo-ventilation
how does hyperkalemia affect the GI? diarrhea and hyperactive BS
how does hyperkalemia affect the heart? ST elevation
peaked T waves
hypotension
bradycardia
how does hyperkalemia affect the neuromuscular system? extreme paralysis,
profound muscle weakness, increased DTR
how does hypermagnesium affect the GI? hypoactive BS
how does hypermagnesium affect the heart/ lungs? heart block, prolonged PR
interval, bradycardia, hypotension, decreased shallow repsirations
how does hypermagnesium affect the neuromuscular system? hyporeflexia
how does hypokalemia affect the GI? hypoactive BS and *paralytic ileus
how does hypokalemia affect the heart? ST depression
, flat T wave
U wave
how does hypokalemia affect the neuromuscular system? hyporeflexia and muscle
cramping
how does hypomagnesium affect the GI? diarrhea
how does hypomagnesium affect the heart/ lungs? torsades de pointes, ST
depression, T wave inversion, Vfib
how does hypomagnesium affect the neuromuscular system? hyperreflexia,
trousseaus, chovesteks
how is hypernatremia treated? they should be raised gradually to prevent cerebral
edema
how is the calcium level controlled? by PTH and caclitonin
how often do you change blood tubing? every 24 hours
how often do you change IVF tubing? every 72 hours
how often do you change lipid tubing? every 24 hours
how often do you change propofol tubing? every 6-12 hours
MATERIAL WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
A patient has a pH of 7.21, PaCO2 of 49, HCO3- of 22. The patient is hypo-
ventilating and tachycardia. What condition does this patient have? respiratory
acidosis
A patient has a pH of 7.31, PaCO2 of 36, HCO3- of 18. The patient has an increased
respiratory rate and depth (Kussmaul's respirations), confused, and decreased
blood pressure. What condition does this patient have? metabolic acidosis
A patient has a pH of 7.51, PaCO2 of 36, HCO3- of 35. The patient has been
vomiting for 3 days straight and their lab levels show a decreased calcium and
potassium. What condition does this patient have? metabolic alkalosis
A patient has a pH of 7.62, PaCO2 of 21, HCO3- of 24. The patient is
hyperventilating and their fingers are numb and tingling. What condition does this
patient have? respiratory alkalosis
D5W is _______ in the bag, but ________ in the body isotonic; hypotonic
hematocrit in decreases with over hydration and anemia
hematocrit in increases with dehydration
,how can we assess nitrogen balance of PN? 24 hour urine nitrogen collection
how can we treat respiratory acidosis? administer O2/ fix hypo-ventilation
how does hyperkalemia affect the GI? diarrhea and hyperactive BS
how does hyperkalemia affect the heart? ST elevation
peaked T waves
hypotension
bradycardia
how does hyperkalemia affect the neuromuscular system? extreme paralysis,
profound muscle weakness, increased DTR
how does hypermagnesium affect the GI? hypoactive BS
how does hypermagnesium affect the heart/ lungs? heart block, prolonged PR
interval, bradycardia, hypotension, decreased shallow repsirations
how does hypermagnesium affect the neuromuscular system? hyporeflexia
how does hypokalemia affect the GI? hypoactive BS and *paralytic ileus
how does hypokalemia affect the heart? ST depression
, flat T wave
U wave
how does hypokalemia affect the neuromuscular system? hyporeflexia and muscle
cramping
how does hypomagnesium affect the GI? diarrhea
how does hypomagnesium affect the heart/ lungs? torsades de pointes, ST
depression, T wave inversion, Vfib
how does hypomagnesium affect the neuromuscular system? hyperreflexia,
trousseaus, chovesteks
how is hypernatremia treated? they should be raised gradually to prevent cerebral
edema
how is the calcium level controlled? by PTH and caclitonin
how often do you change blood tubing? every 24 hours
how often do you change IVF tubing? every 72 hours
how often do you change lipid tubing? every 24 hours
how often do you change propofol tubing? every 6-12 hours
