Anxiety Disorders
● Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive anxiety and worry, occurring more days (at least 6 months) in many activities or events
such as school, work, or school performance (multiple life). People find it difficult to control their
worry.
Anxiety and worry are associated with three or more of the following six symptoms:
+ Restlessness
+ Being easily fatigued
+ Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
+ Irritability
+ Muscle tension
+ Sleep disturbance
Significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning
Physiological symptoms: Muscle tension, trembling, twitching, feeling shaky, muscle aches,
soreness, sweating, nausea, diarrhea
● Panic Disorder with and without Agoraphobia
Anxiety or intense fear about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or
embarrassing) and where help might not be available.
Fears occur in two (or more) of the following situations: Being outside alone; being in a crowd; standing
in a line, being in enclosed spaces; traveling by public transportation (train, bus, automobile).
● Specific Phobias
Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable.
Phobic situation is actively avoided or endured with intense anxiety/distress
Avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distress in the feared situation(s) interferes significantly with the
person’s normal routine and functioning. Duration is at least 6 months
Types of Specific Phobias
+Animal Type
+Natural environment Type
+Blood - Injection- Injury Type
+Situational Type
+Other (e.g., choking, vomiting, illness)
● Social Anxiety Disorder
Marked and persistent fear of one or more social/performance situations: Exposed to unfamiliar
people and Worry of humiliation or embarrassment. People want to connect with society, but they
feel embarrassed and may show poor social skills. (People are more sensitive to criticism)
● PTSD ( more than 1 month)
* Intrusion symptoms (intrusive recollections of the event), flashbacks, distressing dreams
* Avoidance: avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma, and numbing of responsiveness
* Alternative: Negative alterations in cognitions or mood
* Alternative in arousal and re-activity (strongly react): irritable, difficult to stay asleep, concentrate…
* Duration: more than 1 month
1
, **** When symptoms emerge within 1 month of trauma, diagnosis is referred to as acute stress
disorder
* Functionally significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas.
- Guilt
- Extreme patterns of avoidance
- Rates highest among survivors of rape, military combat and captivity
● Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Either Obsessions or Compulsions
- Obsessions: Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause anxiety or distress. Fear
of dirt, fear of harming oneself or others, fear of throwing anything away
- Compulsions: Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to
an obsession. Washing repeatedly, wearing gloves, knocking on the door/wall a set number of times,
checking compulsively, hoarding (things or mind)
● Body Dysmorphic D/O
- Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance causes significant distress or impairment. Over-
interest in mirrors, magnifying glasses that allow them to scrutinize their “defect”
Excessive grooming behaviors. People with BBD usually try to avoid defects by using a mask covering
or trying to wear any clothes that can cover their defect. They may seek treatment to change the defect
through plastic surgery, but it can not reduce it.
Mood Disorders
● Major Depressive Disorder
- Presence of either single or recurrent major depressive episodes
- Lasts at least 2 weeks, deficit in cognitive and physical function.
- Never experienced a Manic Episode or Hypomanic Episode
● Bipolar I Disorder (mania)
Bipolar I Disorder = At least one manic episode (lasts at least 1 week) or mix (depression)
- Mood sxs cause significant distress and/or impairment
- Most patients with Bipolar I disorder also show sxs of depression at some point.
● Bipolar II Disorder (hypomania + depressive episode)
Bipolar II Disorder Criteria
• At least 1 Hypomanic Episode ( without marked impairments in daily functioning)
• At least 1 MDE
• NEVER Manic Episode
• Significant distress and/or impairment
● Dysthymia
• Depressed mood most of the day, most days for 2 years
– In children and adolescents, 1 year may be sufficient; irritability may be present instead of depressed
mood
• No manic or hypomanic episode has ever been experienced
Double depression (dythymia + Major depression disorder)
● Cyclothymia
2
● Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Excessive anxiety and worry, occurring more days (at least 6 months) in many activities or events
such as school, work, or school performance (multiple life). People find it difficult to control their
worry.
Anxiety and worry are associated with three or more of the following six symptoms:
+ Restlessness
+ Being easily fatigued
+ Difficulty concentrating or mind going blank
+ Irritability
+ Muscle tension
+ Sleep disturbance
Significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning
Physiological symptoms: Muscle tension, trembling, twitching, feeling shaky, muscle aches,
soreness, sweating, nausea, diarrhea
● Panic Disorder with and without Agoraphobia
Anxiety or intense fear about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or
embarrassing) and where help might not be available.
Fears occur in two (or more) of the following situations: Being outside alone; being in a crowd; standing
in a line, being in enclosed spaces; traveling by public transportation (train, bus, automobile).
● Specific Phobias
Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable.
Phobic situation is actively avoided or endured with intense anxiety/distress
Avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distress in the feared situation(s) interferes significantly with the
person’s normal routine and functioning. Duration is at least 6 months
Types of Specific Phobias
+Animal Type
+Natural environment Type
+Blood - Injection- Injury Type
+Situational Type
+Other (e.g., choking, vomiting, illness)
● Social Anxiety Disorder
Marked and persistent fear of one or more social/performance situations: Exposed to unfamiliar
people and Worry of humiliation or embarrassment. People want to connect with society, but they
feel embarrassed and may show poor social skills. (People are more sensitive to criticism)
● PTSD ( more than 1 month)
* Intrusion symptoms (intrusive recollections of the event), flashbacks, distressing dreams
* Avoidance: avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma, and numbing of responsiveness
* Alternative: Negative alterations in cognitions or mood
* Alternative in arousal and re-activity (strongly react): irritable, difficult to stay asleep, concentrate…
* Duration: more than 1 month
1
, **** When symptoms emerge within 1 month of trauma, diagnosis is referred to as acute stress
disorder
* Functionally significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas.
- Guilt
- Extreme patterns of avoidance
- Rates highest among survivors of rape, military combat and captivity
● Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Either Obsessions or Compulsions
- Obsessions: Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that cause anxiety or distress. Fear
of dirt, fear of harming oneself or others, fear of throwing anything away
- Compulsions: Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in response to
an obsession. Washing repeatedly, wearing gloves, knocking on the door/wall a set number of times,
checking compulsively, hoarding (things or mind)
● Body Dysmorphic D/O
- Preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance causes significant distress or impairment. Over-
interest in mirrors, magnifying glasses that allow them to scrutinize their “defect”
Excessive grooming behaviors. People with BBD usually try to avoid defects by using a mask covering
or trying to wear any clothes that can cover their defect. They may seek treatment to change the defect
through plastic surgery, but it can not reduce it.
Mood Disorders
● Major Depressive Disorder
- Presence of either single or recurrent major depressive episodes
- Lasts at least 2 weeks, deficit in cognitive and physical function.
- Never experienced a Manic Episode or Hypomanic Episode
● Bipolar I Disorder (mania)
Bipolar I Disorder = At least one manic episode (lasts at least 1 week) or mix (depression)
- Mood sxs cause significant distress and/or impairment
- Most patients with Bipolar I disorder also show sxs of depression at some point.
● Bipolar II Disorder (hypomania + depressive episode)
Bipolar II Disorder Criteria
• At least 1 Hypomanic Episode ( without marked impairments in daily functioning)
• At least 1 MDE
• NEVER Manic Episode
• Significant distress and/or impairment
● Dysthymia
• Depressed mood most of the day, most days for 2 years
– In children and adolescents, 1 year may be sufficient; irritability may be present instead of depressed
mood
• No manic or hypomanic episode has ever been experienced
Double depression (dythymia + Major depression disorder)
● Cyclothymia
2
