1
BIOL 1107
BIOL 1107 Exam 3 – Principles of Biology I (Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) Review| 100% Verified Questions & Answers | Grade A.
1.Benefits of cell division in multicellular organisms: Growth and development
(embryonic development), heal wounds, replacing dying cells and maintain healthy
tissues
2.Genetic Organization in prokaryotes: 1) Genome consists of one double stranded DNA
(DNA is
in nucleoid)
3.Plasmids: 1) Additional smaller loops of DNA
2) Not necessary for growth but have important info
3) Exchange of plasmid with other cells allows gene transfer in prokaryotes
4. Binary Fission: 1) How prokaryotes replicate
2) Genomic DNA is replicated and divided along with cytoplasmic contents leading to 2
identical daughter cells 3) Bacterial chromosome is attached to plasma membrane and
replication occurs bidirectionally from there (origin of replication)
4) Septum comes in between and after cell walls form, cell splits into 2
FtsZ ring protein in involved in process
BIOL 1107
, 2
BIOL 1107
5. Chromatin remodeling: DNA is highly packed around histone proteins to form
condensed structure
6. DNA compaction process: 1) DNA wraps around histone proteins to make bead like
structures called nucleosomes
2) Nucleosomes and linker DNA are coiled into 30-nm chromatin fiber, shortening
chromosome about 50 times
3) After replication, chromosomes consist of 2 sister chromatids bound by cohesin
proteins, centromere in middle
7. Genomes: 1)Contain genes that provide instructions for protein synthesis
2) Exons code for proteins
3) Introns don't code for any protein
8. Heterochromatin: part of chromosome that is more condensed; silenced genes;
stains darker
9. Euchromatin: part of chromosome that is less condensed; gene expressing, stains
lighter
10. Telomeres: ends of chromosomes; repetitive DNA, protective
11. Centromere: middle of chromosomes, essential to cell division; satellite DNA
12. arms of chromosomes: p arm is short arm and q arm is long arm
BIOL 1107
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BIOL 1107
13. how genes are inherited: 1) Located on chromosomes that are transmitted from
parent to offspring
2) Diploid organisms have 2 copies of each chromosome
14. Alleles: alternate versions of the same gene
15. Non homologous: not part of a homologous pair; don't have the same genes in
the same location as others
16. why cell doesn't just split in half: would be smaller than original and lose half of its
required contents 17. 2 phases of cell cycle: 1)Interphase: longest phase; encompass
period b/w cell divisions where cell grows; carries out its normal functions and
replicates DNA
2) Mitotic phase: Cell division occurs including mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokineses
(cytoplasmic division)
18. G1 phase: change not visible but cell is biochemically active
19. S phase: DNA synthesis replication occurs; identical copies of DNA molecules
(sister chromatids) are joined at the centromere
BIOL 1107
BIOL 1107
BIOL 1107 Exam 3 – Principles of Biology I (Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) Review| 100% Verified Questions & Answers | Grade A.
1.Benefits of cell division in multicellular organisms: Growth and development
(embryonic development), heal wounds, replacing dying cells and maintain healthy
tissues
2.Genetic Organization in prokaryotes: 1) Genome consists of one double stranded DNA
(DNA is
in nucleoid)
3.Plasmids: 1) Additional smaller loops of DNA
2) Not necessary for growth but have important info
3) Exchange of plasmid with other cells allows gene transfer in prokaryotes
4. Binary Fission: 1) How prokaryotes replicate
2) Genomic DNA is replicated and divided along with cytoplasmic contents leading to 2
identical daughter cells 3) Bacterial chromosome is attached to plasma membrane and
replication occurs bidirectionally from there (origin of replication)
4) Septum comes in between and after cell walls form, cell splits into 2
FtsZ ring protein in involved in process
BIOL 1107
, 2
BIOL 1107
5. Chromatin remodeling: DNA is highly packed around histone proteins to form
condensed structure
6. DNA compaction process: 1) DNA wraps around histone proteins to make bead like
structures called nucleosomes
2) Nucleosomes and linker DNA are coiled into 30-nm chromatin fiber, shortening
chromosome about 50 times
3) After replication, chromosomes consist of 2 sister chromatids bound by cohesin
proteins, centromere in middle
7. Genomes: 1)Contain genes that provide instructions for protein synthesis
2) Exons code for proteins
3) Introns don't code for any protein
8. Heterochromatin: part of chromosome that is more condensed; silenced genes;
stains darker
9. Euchromatin: part of chromosome that is less condensed; gene expressing, stains
lighter
10. Telomeres: ends of chromosomes; repetitive DNA, protective
11. Centromere: middle of chromosomes, essential to cell division; satellite DNA
12. arms of chromosomes: p arm is short arm and q arm is long arm
BIOL 1107
, 3
BIOL 1107
13. how genes are inherited: 1) Located on chromosomes that are transmitted from
parent to offspring
2) Diploid organisms have 2 copies of each chromosome
14. Alleles: alternate versions of the same gene
15. Non homologous: not part of a homologous pair; don't have the same genes in
the same location as others
16. why cell doesn't just split in half: would be smaller than original and lose half of its
required contents 17. 2 phases of cell cycle: 1)Interphase: longest phase; encompass
period b/w cell divisions where cell grows; carries out its normal functions and
replicates DNA
2) Mitotic phase: Cell division occurs including mitosis (nuclear division) and cytokineses
(cytoplasmic division)
18. G1 phase: change not visible but cell is biochemically active
19. S phase: DNA synthesis replication occurs; identical copies of DNA molecules
(sister chromatids) are joined at the centromere
BIOL 1107
