NSG 532 EXAM 3 2025|COMPLETE EXAM TEST (QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS) FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS |ALREADY GRADED
A+|100% PASSED!!
Question 1
Which of the following cellular components make up the structural anatomy of alveoli?
A) Fibroblasts, Phagocytes, Type I and II Pneumocytes
B) Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets
C) Smooth muscle cells, Goblet cells, Ciliated epithelium
D) Cardiomyocytes, Endothelial cells, Pericytes
E) Neurons, Glial cells, Astrocytes
Correct Answer: A) Fibroblasts, Phagocytes, Type I and II Pneumocytes
Rationale: The anatomy of alveoli consists of capillaries, collagen and elastic fibers, and a
cellular part comprising Fibroblasts, Phagocytes (macrophages), and Type I and Type II
Pneumocytes.
Question 2
Plasma constitutes approximately what percentage of total blood volume?
A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 55%
D) 75%
E) 90%
Correct Answer: C) 55%
Rationale: The text states that plasma makes up approximately 55% of blood, while the
cellular part (RBCs, WBCs, Platelets) makes up the remaining portion.
Question 3
Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining intravascular osmotic
(oncotic) pressure?
A) Globulin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Albumin
D) Prothrombin
E) Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: C) Albumin
Rationale: Albumin is the main plasma protein responsible for maintaining intravascular
osmotic (oncotic) pressure and regulating fluid distribution between capillaries and tissues.
Question 4
Where are immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced?
A) Liver
, 2
B) Plasma cells
C) Bone marrow stem cells
D) Thymus
E) Spleen red pulp
Correct Answer: B) Plasma cells
Rationale: While most globulins are made by the liver, immunoglobulins are specifically
synthesized by plasma cells (differentiated B-lymphocytes).
Question 5
Which enzyme facilitates the hydration of CO2 into carbonic acid in the plasma pH
buffering system?
A) Carbonic anhydrase
B) Methemoglobin reductase
C) Hexokinase
D) Catalase
E) Peroxidase
Correct Answer: A) Carbonic anhydrase
Rationale: The conversion of CO2 and water to carbonic acid (and the reverse dehydration
reaction) is facilitated by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.
Question 6
What is the approximate lifespan of a Red Blood Cell (RBC)?
A) 10 days
B) 30 days
C) 90 days
D) 120 days
E) 180 days
Correct Answer: D) 120 days
Rationale: The text states that RBCs survive for approximately 120 days in circulation.
Question 7
Why do mature circulating Red Blood Cells lack mitochondria?
A) To reduce energy consumption
B) To prevent oxidative stress
C) To maximize space for holding Hemoglobin (HGB)
D) Because they do not need ATP
E) To allow for cell division
, 3
Correct Answer: C) To maximize space for holding Hemoglobin (HGB)
Rationale: The text explains that the space normally occupied by mitochondria is used for
holding Hemoglobin (HGB) to maximize oxygen transport capacity.
Question 8
Which organ produces erythropoietin in response to physiologic anemia or hypoxia?
A) Spleen
B) Bone Marrow
C) Kidney (and Liver)
D) Heart
E) Lungs
Correct Answer: C) Kidney (and Liver)
Rationale: While the text specifically mentions the liver making erythropoietin in the
context of erythrocytogenesis, erythropoietin is primarily produced by the kidneys (and
partially by the liver) in response to hypoxia.
Question 9
During the RBC glycolytic pathway, NADH is produced. What is the essential function of
NADH in the RBC?
A) To generate heat
B) To act as a cofactor for methemoglobin reductase
C) To synthesize DNA
D) To transport Carbon Dioxide
E) To break down glucose
Correct Answer: B) To act as a cofactor for methemoglobin reductase
Rationale: NADH is an essential cofactor for the enzyme methemoglobin reductase, which
converts Methemoglobin (Fe3+) back to functional Hemoglobin (Fe2+).
Question 10
What happens to an RBC if ATP generation fails and the Na/K ATPase pump becomes
inactive?
A) The RBC shrinks
B) The RBC retains Sodium (Na+) and swells
C) The RBC loses water rapidly
D) The RBC divides prematurely
E) The RBC converts to a sickle shape
Correct Answer: B) The RBC retains Sodium (Na+) and swells
Rationale: ATP powers the Na/K ATPase pump regulating RBC volume. Without ATP,
ANSWERS) FREQUENTLY MOST TESTED QUESTIONS |ALREADY GRADED
A+|100% PASSED!!
Question 1
Which of the following cellular components make up the structural anatomy of alveoli?
A) Fibroblasts, Phagocytes, Type I and II Pneumocytes
B) Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets
C) Smooth muscle cells, Goblet cells, Ciliated epithelium
D) Cardiomyocytes, Endothelial cells, Pericytes
E) Neurons, Glial cells, Astrocytes
Correct Answer: A) Fibroblasts, Phagocytes, Type I and II Pneumocytes
Rationale: The anatomy of alveoli consists of capillaries, collagen and elastic fibers, and a
cellular part comprising Fibroblasts, Phagocytes (macrophages), and Type I and Type II
Pneumocytes.
Question 2
Plasma constitutes approximately what percentage of total blood volume?
A) 25%
B) 45%
C) 55%
D) 75%
E) 90%
Correct Answer: C) 55%
Rationale: The text states that plasma makes up approximately 55% of blood, while the
cellular part (RBCs, WBCs, Platelets) makes up the remaining portion.
Question 3
Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for maintaining intravascular osmotic
(oncotic) pressure?
A) Globulin
B) Fibrinogen
C) Albumin
D) Prothrombin
E) Hemoglobin
Correct Answer: C) Albumin
Rationale: Albumin is the main plasma protein responsible for maintaining intravascular
osmotic (oncotic) pressure and regulating fluid distribution between capillaries and tissues.
Question 4
Where are immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced?
A) Liver
, 2
B) Plasma cells
C) Bone marrow stem cells
D) Thymus
E) Spleen red pulp
Correct Answer: B) Plasma cells
Rationale: While most globulins are made by the liver, immunoglobulins are specifically
synthesized by plasma cells (differentiated B-lymphocytes).
Question 5
Which enzyme facilitates the hydration of CO2 into carbonic acid in the plasma pH
buffering system?
A) Carbonic anhydrase
B) Methemoglobin reductase
C) Hexokinase
D) Catalase
E) Peroxidase
Correct Answer: A) Carbonic anhydrase
Rationale: The conversion of CO2 and water to carbonic acid (and the reverse dehydration
reaction) is facilitated by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase.
Question 6
What is the approximate lifespan of a Red Blood Cell (RBC)?
A) 10 days
B) 30 days
C) 90 days
D) 120 days
E) 180 days
Correct Answer: D) 120 days
Rationale: The text states that RBCs survive for approximately 120 days in circulation.
Question 7
Why do mature circulating Red Blood Cells lack mitochondria?
A) To reduce energy consumption
B) To prevent oxidative stress
C) To maximize space for holding Hemoglobin (HGB)
D) Because they do not need ATP
E) To allow for cell division
, 3
Correct Answer: C) To maximize space for holding Hemoglobin (HGB)
Rationale: The text explains that the space normally occupied by mitochondria is used for
holding Hemoglobin (HGB) to maximize oxygen transport capacity.
Question 8
Which organ produces erythropoietin in response to physiologic anemia or hypoxia?
A) Spleen
B) Bone Marrow
C) Kidney (and Liver)
D) Heart
E) Lungs
Correct Answer: C) Kidney (and Liver)
Rationale: While the text specifically mentions the liver making erythropoietin in the
context of erythrocytogenesis, erythropoietin is primarily produced by the kidneys (and
partially by the liver) in response to hypoxia.
Question 9
During the RBC glycolytic pathway, NADH is produced. What is the essential function of
NADH in the RBC?
A) To generate heat
B) To act as a cofactor for methemoglobin reductase
C) To synthesize DNA
D) To transport Carbon Dioxide
E) To break down glucose
Correct Answer: B) To act as a cofactor for methemoglobin reductase
Rationale: NADH is an essential cofactor for the enzyme methemoglobin reductase, which
converts Methemoglobin (Fe3+) back to functional Hemoglobin (Fe2+).
Question 10
What happens to an RBC if ATP generation fails and the Na/K ATPase pump becomes
inactive?
A) The RBC shrinks
B) The RBC retains Sodium (Na+) and swells
C) The RBC loses water rapidly
D) The RBC divides prematurely
E) The RBC converts to a sickle shape
Correct Answer: B) The RBC retains Sodium (Na+) and swells
Rationale: ATP powers the Na/K ATPase pump regulating RBC volume. Without ATP,
