ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 2 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Functions of the Integumentary System correct answers >> -
Resistance to trauma and infection
-Prevents loss or gain of water
-Vitamin D synthesis
-Sensory receptors for heat, cold, touch, texture, pressure,
vibration, and tissue injury
-Thermoregulation
How does skin resist trauma and infection? correct answers
>> -Skin has low pH to reduce bacteria and fungi
-Cells are packed closely together with tough protein called
keratin
Name 3 ways the integumentary system thermoregulates?
correct answers >> -Glands release sweat for evaporative
cooling
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
Define: Vasoconstriction correct answers >> narrowing of
blood vessels, reduces heat loss
,Define: Vasodilation correct answers >> widening of blood
vessels, increases heat loss
What are the 2 main parts of the integumentary system?
correct answers >> Epidermis- outer layer
Dermis- underlying connective tissue
*Hypodermis not really part of the skin!*
What does the epidermis primarily consist of? correct answers
>> keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What are the epidermal derivatives? correct answers >>
glands, hair, nails
What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis? correct
answers >> - Karatinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Tactile (Merkel) cells
- Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Keratinocytes (functions) correct answers >> most numerous
cell type, make fibrous protein keratin
Melanocytes (functions) correct answers >> synthesize
pigment called melanin
, Tactile cells (functions and 2nd name) correct answers >>
also called Merkel cells, receptors for the sense of touch,
associated with a dermal nerve fiber
Dendritic cells (functions and 2nd name) correct answers >>
macrophages (big phagocytic cells) that kill microbes
What are the layers of the epidermis (list from bottom up)?
correct answers >> - Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin? correct
answers >> Straum lucidum
How many layers are found in the stratum basale? correct
answers >> 1 layer
What cells are found in the stratum basale? correct answers
>> stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile (merkel) cells
What is the importance of the stem cells in the stratum basale?
correct answers >> makes it mitotically active, the stem cells
divide and give rise to keratinocytes
EXAM 2 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025/2026
Functions of the Integumentary System correct answers >> -
Resistance to trauma and infection
-Prevents loss or gain of water
-Vitamin D synthesis
-Sensory receptors for heat, cold, touch, texture, pressure,
vibration, and tissue injury
-Thermoregulation
How does skin resist trauma and infection? correct answers
>> -Skin has low pH to reduce bacteria and fungi
-Cells are packed closely together with tough protein called
keratin
Name 3 ways the integumentary system thermoregulates?
correct answers >> -Glands release sweat for evaporative
cooling
- Vasoconstriction
- Vasodilation
Define: Vasoconstriction correct answers >> narrowing of
blood vessels, reduces heat loss
,Define: Vasodilation correct answers >> widening of blood
vessels, increases heat loss
What are the 2 main parts of the integumentary system?
correct answers >> Epidermis- outer layer
Dermis- underlying connective tissue
*Hypodermis not really part of the skin!*
What does the epidermis primarily consist of? correct answers
>> keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What are the epidermal derivatives? correct answers >>
glands, hair, nails
What are the 4 main cell types in the epidermis? correct
answers >> - Karatinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Tactile (Merkel) cells
- Dendritic (Langerhans) cells
Keratinocytes (functions) correct answers >> most numerous
cell type, make fibrous protein keratin
Melanocytes (functions) correct answers >> synthesize
pigment called melanin
, Tactile cells (functions and 2nd name) correct answers >>
also called Merkel cells, receptors for the sense of touch,
associated with a dermal nerve fiber
Dendritic cells (functions and 2nd name) correct answers >>
macrophages (big phagocytic cells) that kill microbes
What are the layers of the epidermis (list from bottom up)?
correct answers >> - Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum corneum
What layer of the epidermis is only found in thick skin? correct
answers >> Straum lucidum
How many layers are found in the stratum basale? correct
answers >> 1 layer
What cells are found in the stratum basale? correct answers
>> stem cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, tactile (merkel) cells
What is the importance of the stem cells in the stratum basale?
correct answers >> makes it mitotically active, the stem cells
divide and give rise to keratinocytes
