Test Bank Chapter 22- Respiratory Tract Infections

Test Bank Chapter 22- Respiratory Tract Infections 1. The “cold viruses” are rapidly spread from person to person. The greatest source of spread is: A) Fingers B) Sneezing C) Plastic toys D) Eye mucosa Ans: A Feedback: Cold viruses have been found to survive for more than 5 hours on the skin and hard surfaces, such as plastic countertops. Aerosol spread of colds through coughing and sneezing is much less important than the spread by fingers picking up the virus from contaminated surfaces and carrying it to the nasal membranes and eyes. The fingers are the greatest source of spread, and the nasal mucosa and conjunctival surface of the eyes are the most common portals of entry of the virus. 2. A college student is lamenting the fact that she has developed a cold on the weekend prior to exam week. Which of the following statements shows that the student has an accurate understanding of her upper respiratory infection? A) “I'm just going to try to rest as much as I can until these bacteria clear up.” B) “I think I'll go to the campus clinic and see if I can get a prescription for antibiotics.” C) “I suppose I should have been washing my hands more in the past few days.” D) “If I can just start some antihistamines as soon as possible I bet I'll get over this faster.” Ans: C Feedback: Handwashing remains the most effective preventative measure against the common cold. Antihistamines have been shown to have no curative value, and antibiotics are ineffective because of the viral etiology of the common cold. 3. A client has presented to an ambulatory clinic complaining of a persistent headache. What assessments should the clinician conduct to differentiate between rhinosinusitis and alternative health problems? A) Take a sputum sample for culture and sensitivity. B) Compare the client's oral, tympanic, and axillary temperatures and order a white blood cell count. C) Palpate the client's lymph nodes and inspect the ears with an otoscope. D) Perform transillumination and ask the client if bending forward exacerbates the headache. Ans: D Feedback: Transillumination is performed to confirm or rule out sinusitis, and sinusitis headache usually is exaggerated by bending forward, coughing, or sneezing. The other cited assessments do not differentiate between rhinosinusitis and other health problems. 4. A distinguishing feature of viral influenza is: A) Direct contact transmission B) Abrupt-onset, profound malaise C) Constant pounding headache D) Profuse watery nasal discharge Ans: B Feedback: One distinguishing feature of influenza is the rapid onset, sometimes within minutes, of profound malaise. As with many viral respiratory tract infections, transmission is by aerosol or direct contact. In the early stages, the symptoms of influenza often are indistinguishable from other viral infections—fever, chills, malaise, muscle aching, headache, profuse watery nasal discharge, nonproductive cough, and sore throat. Persons with chronic rhinosinusitis complain of a constant pounding headache.