CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
Cardiac output correct answers >> 4-8 L/min
Cardiac index correct answers >> 2.5-4.2 L/min/m2
Central venous pressure (CVP) and right atrial pressure (RAP)
correct answers >> 2-6 mm Hg
Left atrial pressure (LAP) and pulmonary artery occlusion pressure
(PAOP) correct answers >> 8-12 mm Hg
PAS correct answers >> 15-25 mm Hg
PAD correct answers >> 8-15 mm Hg
Stroke Volume (SV) correct answers >> 60-130 mL/beat
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) correct answers >> 770-
1500 dynes/sec/cm
Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO2) correct answers >>
60-75%
, Central venous oxygen saturation (SCV 02) correct answers
>> 65-85%
Cardiac Tamponade correct answers >> Hypertension,
muffled or distant heart sounds, and elevated venous pressure
(Beck's triad)
Cardiac contusion correct answers >> Obtain 12 lead ECG
and serum levels of cardiac isoenzymes and troponin to rule out
ischemia/infarction (give dobutamine)
Aortic disruption correct answers >> Week for moral pulses,
dysphasia, dyspnea, hoarseness, and pain
Widened mediastinum, Right tracheal deviation, depressed left
bronchus, first and second rib fracture, left hemothorax correct
answers >> Aortic disruption
Lactate level correct answers >> 0.5-1.6
Tension pneumothorax correct answers >> Anxiety, severe
respiratory distress, absence of breath sounds on affected side,
hypertension, distended neck veins, and tracheal deviation
Treatment for tension pneumothorax correct answers >>
Needle thoracentesis followed by chest tube