Module code: HRPYC81
Research report for PROJECT 4812
Assignment number 57
Title of study: A case study on the issues that contribute to, or detract from an
athlete’s experience of performance achievement in long jump athletics.
Surname:
Initials:
Student number:
Examination period: October/November 2020
, CONTENTS
Section A: Introduction to Literature Review.........................................................................................1
1. Internal aspects contributing to athletic performance enhancement and detraction.......................1
1.1 Theoretical Contributions.........................................................................................................2
1.1.1 Personality and Goals....................................................................................................2
1.1.2 Attitude: Research in this study had shown that the nature and amount of
information about a sport that is given to students, can ultimately affect their feelings and
attitude. In the results of this report, it revealed that the more a student was informed
about a sport, the more the student was likely to have positive feelings and attitudes about
the sport (Jarvis, 2006)...........................................................................................................2
1.2 Research...................................................................................................................................3
1.2.1 Warm-Up Protocols.......................................................................................................3
1.2.2 Sleep Deprivation...........................................................................................................4
1.2.4 Intrapersonal.................................................................................................................5
1.2.4.1 Motivational: According to Frisby & Wanta (2018) an athlete’s level of exposure to
their sport carries value to the level of that athlete’s performance and participation. Being
exposed to your sport item through the use social media can help by positively influencing
self-perceptions in terms of an athlete’s emotions, motivations, attitudes as well as being
less likely to experience psychological stress. Frisby & Wanta, 2018)....................................5
1.3 Interventions............................................................................................................................5
1.3.2 Behavioural: Anshel and Gregory, 1990 as cited in (Reeves, Nicholls, & McKenna,
2011) had developed the ‘COPE’ program, in which athletes are taught to control their
emotions; this is implemented by organizing the most important information to attend too.
In other words, this program teaches athletes how to prioritize and plan, in order to
respond to stressors encountered and then ultimately execute their response (Reeves,
Nicholls, & McKenna, 2011)....................................................................................................6
1.3.3 Motivational: The ‘COPE’ programme is also applicable to motivational factors as this
intervention helps athletes manage any negative feedback whilst maintaining their self-
esteem and self-confidence. Anshel and Gregory as cited in (Reeves, Nicholls, & McKenna,
2011) researched a sample of 39 athletes and were successful in helping these athletes
through this COPE intervention (Reeves, Nicholls, & McKenna, 2011)...................................6
2. External Aspects Contributing to Athletic performance Enhancement and Detraction.....................6
2.1 Theoretical Contributions.........................................................................................................6
2.1.1 Cohesion in Competitive Performance..........................................................................6
, 2.1.2 Media Exposure.............................................................................................................7
2.2 Research...................................................................................................................................7
2.2.1 Coach.............................................................................................................................7
2.2.2 Social..............................................................................................................................7
2.2.3 Environmental...............................................................................................................8
2.3 Interventions............................................................................................................................9
2.3.1 Interpersonal: coach, fellow athletes, family and friends: A social cognitive theory by
Plotnikoff, Morgan, Lubans,Rhodes, Costigan (2014) support approaches focused on skill
development and monitoring. These approaches should aim to develop self-efficacy
through goal setting, self-management and opportunities for practice. These approaches
should provide social support from parents and peers as to encourage the process of
modelling to athletes (Plotnikoff, et al., 2014 p.115)..............................................................9
3. Section B: Interview with Athlete......................................................................................................9
3. Section C: The Results......................................................................................................................11
4.1 Internal Issues Versus External Issues Summarized.......................................................................11
Physiological/Physical: Maintaining physical stamina, developing muscles and combating tiredness.
.............................................................................................................................................................11
4.2 Table 2’s Transcribed, Internal: Strength, Weaknesses, Advice.....................................................12
4.2.1 Physiological / Physical........................................................................................................12
4.2.2 Behavioural.........................................................................................................................13
4.2.3 Intrapersonal.......................................................................................................................14
4.2.3.1 Motivation........................................................................................................................14
4.2.3.2 Attitude............................................................................................................................14
4.2.3.3 Personality........................................................................................................................15
4.2.3.4 Traits................................................................................................................................15
4.3 External: Strength, Weaknesses, Advice........................................................................................16
4.3.1 Interpersonal.......................................................................................................................16
4.3.1.1 Coach................................................................................................................................16
4.3.1.2 Fellow athletes.................................................................................................................16
4.3.1.3 Family...............................................................................................................................17
, 4.3.1.4 Friends..............................................................................................................................17
4.3.1.5 Other................................................................................................................................17
4.3.2 Social...................................................................................................................................17
4.3.3 Environmental.....................................................................................................................17
5. Transcribing, Interpreting, Analysing and Organizing......................................................................18
6. Analysis of the Results.....................................................................................................................19
6.1 Internal Issues Versus External Issues....................................................................................19
6.2 Strengths vs Weaknesses vs Advice........................................................................................19
6.3 Internal strengths versus external strengths versus advice....................................................19
6.4 Internal weaknesses versus external weaknesses..................................................................20
7. Discussion........................................................................................................................................21
8. Section D: Conclusions and Recommendations...............................................................................21
8.1 Physiological /Physical Weakness...........................................................................................21
8.2 Behavioural Weakness...........................................................................................................22
8.3 Intrapersonal..........................................................................................................................22
8.3.1 Motivational Weaknesses...................................................................................................22
8.3.2 Attitude Weaknesses...........................................................................................................22
8.3.3 Personality & 8.3.4 Traits Weaknesses................................................................................22
8.4 Interpersonal Weaknesses.....................................................................................................22
8.5 Social Weaknesses..................................................................................................................23
8.6 Environmental Weaknesses...................................................................................................23
9. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................23
10. List of References...........................................................................................................................25
Appendix A: Plagiarism Declaration.......................................................................................................1
Appendix B. Consent Form....................................................................................................................1
Appendix C: Table 1. Background information on research participant................................................1
Table 1(a) questions 1-5.................................................................................................................1
Research report for PROJECT 4812
Assignment number 57
Title of study: A case study on the issues that contribute to, or detract from an
athlete’s experience of performance achievement in long jump athletics.
Surname:
Initials:
Student number:
Examination period: October/November 2020
, CONTENTS
Section A: Introduction to Literature Review.........................................................................................1
1. Internal aspects contributing to athletic performance enhancement and detraction.......................1
1.1 Theoretical Contributions.........................................................................................................2
1.1.1 Personality and Goals....................................................................................................2
1.1.2 Attitude: Research in this study had shown that the nature and amount of
information about a sport that is given to students, can ultimately affect their feelings and
attitude. In the results of this report, it revealed that the more a student was informed
about a sport, the more the student was likely to have positive feelings and attitudes about
the sport (Jarvis, 2006)...........................................................................................................2
1.2 Research...................................................................................................................................3
1.2.1 Warm-Up Protocols.......................................................................................................3
1.2.2 Sleep Deprivation...........................................................................................................4
1.2.4 Intrapersonal.................................................................................................................5
1.2.4.1 Motivational: According to Frisby & Wanta (2018) an athlete’s level of exposure to
their sport carries value to the level of that athlete’s performance and participation. Being
exposed to your sport item through the use social media can help by positively influencing
self-perceptions in terms of an athlete’s emotions, motivations, attitudes as well as being
less likely to experience psychological stress. Frisby & Wanta, 2018)....................................5
1.3 Interventions............................................................................................................................5
1.3.2 Behavioural: Anshel and Gregory, 1990 as cited in (Reeves, Nicholls, & McKenna,
2011) had developed the ‘COPE’ program, in which athletes are taught to control their
emotions; this is implemented by organizing the most important information to attend too.
In other words, this program teaches athletes how to prioritize and plan, in order to
respond to stressors encountered and then ultimately execute their response (Reeves,
Nicholls, & McKenna, 2011)....................................................................................................6
1.3.3 Motivational: The ‘COPE’ programme is also applicable to motivational factors as this
intervention helps athletes manage any negative feedback whilst maintaining their self-
esteem and self-confidence. Anshel and Gregory as cited in (Reeves, Nicholls, & McKenna,
2011) researched a sample of 39 athletes and were successful in helping these athletes
through this COPE intervention (Reeves, Nicholls, & McKenna, 2011)...................................6
2. External Aspects Contributing to Athletic performance Enhancement and Detraction.....................6
2.1 Theoretical Contributions.........................................................................................................6
2.1.1 Cohesion in Competitive Performance..........................................................................6
, 2.1.2 Media Exposure.............................................................................................................7
2.2 Research...................................................................................................................................7
2.2.1 Coach.............................................................................................................................7
2.2.2 Social..............................................................................................................................7
2.2.3 Environmental...............................................................................................................8
2.3 Interventions............................................................................................................................9
2.3.1 Interpersonal: coach, fellow athletes, family and friends: A social cognitive theory by
Plotnikoff, Morgan, Lubans,Rhodes, Costigan (2014) support approaches focused on skill
development and monitoring. These approaches should aim to develop self-efficacy
through goal setting, self-management and opportunities for practice. These approaches
should provide social support from parents and peers as to encourage the process of
modelling to athletes (Plotnikoff, et al., 2014 p.115)..............................................................9
3. Section B: Interview with Athlete......................................................................................................9
3. Section C: The Results......................................................................................................................11
4.1 Internal Issues Versus External Issues Summarized.......................................................................11
Physiological/Physical: Maintaining physical stamina, developing muscles and combating tiredness.
.............................................................................................................................................................11
4.2 Table 2’s Transcribed, Internal: Strength, Weaknesses, Advice.....................................................12
4.2.1 Physiological / Physical........................................................................................................12
4.2.2 Behavioural.........................................................................................................................13
4.2.3 Intrapersonal.......................................................................................................................14
4.2.3.1 Motivation........................................................................................................................14
4.2.3.2 Attitude............................................................................................................................14
4.2.3.3 Personality........................................................................................................................15
4.2.3.4 Traits................................................................................................................................15
4.3 External: Strength, Weaknesses, Advice........................................................................................16
4.3.1 Interpersonal.......................................................................................................................16
4.3.1.1 Coach................................................................................................................................16
4.3.1.2 Fellow athletes.................................................................................................................16
4.3.1.3 Family...............................................................................................................................17
, 4.3.1.4 Friends..............................................................................................................................17
4.3.1.5 Other................................................................................................................................17
4.3.2 Social...................................................................................................................................17
4.3.3 Environmental.....................................................................................................................17
5. Transcribing, Interpreting, Analysing and Organizing......................................................................18
6. Analysis of the Results.....................................................................................................................19
6.1 Internal Issues Versus External Issues....................................................................................19
6.2 Strengths vs Weaknesses vs Advice........................................................................................19
6.3 Internal strengths versus external strengths versus advice....................................................19
6.4 Internal weaknesses versus external weaknesses..................................................................20
7. Discussion........................................................................................................................................21
8. Section D: Conclusions and Recommendations...............................................................................21
8.1 Physiological /Physical Weakness...........................................................................................21
8.2 Behavioural Weakness...........................................................................................................22
8.3 Intrapersonal..........................................................................................................................22
8.3.1 Motivational Weaknesses...................................................................................................22
8.3.2 Attitude Weaknesses...........................................................................................................22
8.3.3 Personality & 8.3.4 Traits Weaknesses................................................................................22
8.4 Interpersonal Weaknesses.....................................................................................................22
8.5 Social Weaknesses..................................................................................................................23
8.6 Environmental Weaknesses...................................................................................................23
9. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................23
10. List of References...........................................................................................................................25
Appendix A: Plagiarism Declaration.......................................................................................................1
Appendix B. Consent Form....................................................................................................................1
Appendix C: Table 1. Background information on research participant................................................1
Table 1(a) questions 1-5.................................................................................................................1
