PSYCH 100 FINAL EXAM WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
How is psychological science defined? correct answers >>
the science of behavior and mental processes
why does my prof disagree with the definition of psychological
science? correct answers >> 1. behavior can be observable
or unobservable
2. behavior can include "mental behavior" (thoughts, emotions,
intuitions)
3. behavior can be conscious or unconscious
What is the "scientific attitude" and why did my prof call it
"special"? correct answers >> - being curious, seeing the
world as a puzzle
- skeptical and open-minded but not cynical or gullible
- critical thinking
- special b/c not everyone can have a scientific attitude
What is critical thinking? correct answers >> examines
assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases,
evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
What do psychological scientists "believe in"? correct answers
>> the scientific method
,What are some other ways of "knowing"? correct answers >>
- intuition/emotion
- observation (illusory correlation)
- anecdote
- personal experience
- authority
- faith
What/who is authority correct answers >> a) authority =
looking up to ppl who you believe are better or more "popular"
than you
b) why peer reputations matter, institutions matter, why funding
matters
c) actors, musicians, friends, etc. --> anyone can be an authority
d) why ppl are used in advertising and why we have come upon
an age of influencers
What are some of the things psychologists study? correct
answers >> 1. clinical
2. developmental
3. personality
4. social
5. cognitive
6. counseling
7. industrial/organizational
8. biological
9. cross-cultural
,10. gender
11. evolutionary and behavior genetics
*basically everything*
Why do we "need" psychology anyway? correct answers >>
b/c ppl are not good at knowing themselves
(1) hindsight bias
(2) overconfidence and better-than-avg effect
(3) perceiving order where none exists b/c we aren't good at
understanding random events
What is the scientific approach to knowing? correct answers
>> using logic or evidence-based reasoning to understand and
explore scientific topics
What makes "good science"? correct answers >> - results
are reproducible
- empiricism approach
- peer reviews
- ethical
- openness/transparency about what you are researching
What is empiricism? correct answers >> something that can
be observed directly, is measurable, quantifiable, verifiable, and
replicable
, What is the replication crisis? correct answers >> many
scientific studies are difficult to reproduce results, which is so
important now since Deidrick Stapel was caught falsifying data
and information that was widely used by psychologists
everywhere
What is open science, statistical power, and meta-analysis?
correct answers >> a) open science movement = letting ppl
know your intentions for your research as well as telling them
everything that is happening as it happens (transparency) -->
also have to preregister hypotheses and publish all data and
materials used
b) statistical power = the likelihood that a researcher will find
statistical significance in a sample if the effect exists in the full
population (based on sample size, randomization)
c) meta-analysis = looking at data from different independent
studies to see if there is an overall trend in the data
What are the differences between case studies, surveys,
naturalistic observation, correlation research, and experiments?
correct answers >> case study = an in-depth investigation of a
single individual, family, event, etc.
survey = asking a large group of people questions
naturalistic observation = looking at and identifying behaviors of
subjects
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
How is psychological science defined? correct answers >>
the science of behavior and mental processes
why does my prof disagree with the definition of psychological
science? correct answers >> 1. behavior can be observable
or unobservable
2. behavior can include "mental behavior" (thoughts, emotions,
intuitions)
3. behavior can be conscious or unconscious
What is the "scientific attitude" and why did my prof call it
"special"? correct answers >> - being curious, seeing the
world as a puzzle
- skeptical and open-minded but not cynical or gullible
- critical thinking
- special b/c not everyone can have a scientific attitude
What is critical thinking? correct answers >> examines
assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases,
evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
What do psychological scientists "believe in"? correct answers
>> the scientific method
,What are some other ways of "knowing"? correct answers >>
- intuition/emotion
- observation (illusory correlation)
- anecdote
- personal experience
- authority
- faith
What/who is authority correct answers >> a) authority =
looking up to ppl who you believe are better or more "popular"
than you
b) why peer reputations matter, institutions matter, why funding
matters
c) actors, musicians, friends, etc. --> anyone can be an authority
d) why ppl are used in advertising and why we have come upon
an age of influencers
What are some of the things psychologists study? correct
answers >> 1. clinical
2. developmental
3. personality
4. social
5. cognitive
6. counseling
7. industrial/organizational
8. biological
9. cross-cultural
,10. gender
11. evolutionary and behavior genetics
*basically everything*
Why do we "need" psychology anyway? correct answers >>
b/c ppl are not good at knowing themselves
(1) hindsight bias
(2) overconfidence and better-than-avg effect
(3) perceiving order where none exists b/c we aren't good at
understanding random events
What is the scientific approach to knowing? correct answers
>> using logic or evidence-based reasoning to understand and
explore scientific topics
What makes "good science"? correct answers >> - results
are reproducible
- empiricism approach
- peer reviews
- ethical
- openness/transparency about what you are researching
What is empiricism? correct answers >> something that can
be observed directly, is measurable, quantifiable, verifiable, and
replicable
, What is the replication crisis? correct answers >> many
scientific studies are difficult to reproduce results, which is so
important now since Deidrick Stapel was caught falsifying data
and information that was widely used by psychologists
everywhere
What is open science, statistical power, and meta-analysis?
correct answers >> a) open science movement = letting ppl
know your intentions for your research as well as telling them
everything that is happening as it happens (transparency) -->
also have to preregister hypotheses and publish all data and
materials used
b) statistical power = the likelihood that a researcher will find
statistical significance in a sample if the effect exists in the full
population (based on sample size, randomization)
c) meta-analysis = looking at data from different independent
studies to see if there is an overall trend in the data
What are the differences between case studies, surveys,
naturalistic observation, correlation research, and experiments?
correct answers >> case study = an in-depth investigation of a
single individual, family, event, etc.
survey = asking a large group of people questions
naturalistic observation = looking at and identifying behaviors of
subjects
