NURS 537 FINAL EXAM WITH 1OO%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
Transduction - correct answers -conversion of one form of energy into another. In
sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and
smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret.
Transmission of pain - correct answers -Action potential continues from site of
injury --> spinal cord --> brainstem & thalamus --> cortex for processing
Perception - correct answers -conscious awareness of sensation
Modulation - correct answers -Neurons originating in the brainstem descend to
the spinal cord and release substance
nociceptive pain - correct answers -Pain from a normal process that results in
noxious stimuli being perceived as painful
neuropathic pain - correct answers -Pain from damage to neurons of either the
peripheral or central nervous system
Mixed category pain - correct answers -caused by a complex combination of
nociceptive and neuropathic components
,Central pain - correct answers -Pain resulting from any disorder that causes central
nervous system damage.
Hyperalgia - correct answers -Increased sensitvity of nociceptors to stimuli and a
reduced pain threshold
When does the nociceptor system function? - correct answers -24 weeks gestation
How do children express pain? - correct answers -Vocalizations, social withdrawal,
changes in sleep patterns, facial expressions, body posture, and poor feeding
What happens to pain when you age? - correct answers -Increase in pain
threshold (skin thickness changes), decrease in pain tolerance, alteration in
metabolism of drugs and metabolites
Principles of pain assessment - correct answers -Ask about pain at every office
visit/phone call
Assess pain systematically (be consistent in using the same scales)
Believe the patient/family
Choose appropriate pain control options
Delivery of the interventions
,Empower patients/families
Enable them to control the course to the greatest extent possible
Non-pharmacologic treatment of pain - correct answers -Strains, sprains: R.I.C.E.
Rest
Ice (then later on heat)
Compression
Elevation
Headaches: Cold compresses; rest
TENS
Acupuncture: Needles into trigger sites
Exercise
Surgical treatment of pain - correct answers -Neural blockade
Surgical lesions
Psychological treatment of pain - correct answers -Psycheducation
, Hypnosis
Behavioral treatments
Relaxation
Biofeedback
CBT
WHO's approach to pain - correct answers -Step 1: Mild pain - Non-narcotic and
adjuvant drug
Step 2: Moderate pain - Weak narcotic, non-narcotic and adjuvant drug
Step 3: Strong narcotic, non-narcotic and adjuvant drug
Acetaminophen - correct answers -Analgesic and antipyretic
Mechanism of action not well known
It is thought to act by inhibiting central and peripheral prostaglandin synthesis
Reduces fever by direct actions on the hypothalamic heat-‐regulating centers -
does not affect platelet
May cause GI irritation
Dose appropriately
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
Transduction - correct answers -conversion of one form of energy into another. In
sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and
smells, into neural impulses our brains can interpret.
Transmission of pain - correct answers -Action potential continues from site of
injury --> spinal cord --> brainstem & thalamus --> cortex for processing
Perception - correct answers -conscious awareness of sensation
Modulation - correct answers -Neurons originating in the brainstem descend to
the spinal cord and release substance
nociceptive pain - correct answers -Pain from a normal process that results in
noxious stimuli being perceived as painful
neuropathic pain - correct answers -Pain from damage to neurons of either the
peripheral or central nervous system
Mixed category pain - correct answers -caused by a complex combination of
nociceptive and neuropathic components
,Central pain - correct answers -Pain resulting from any disorder that causes central
nervous system damage.
Hyperalgia - correct answers -Increased sensitvity of nociceptors to stimuli and a
reduced pain threshold
When does the nociceptor system function? - correct answers -24 weeks gestation
How do children express pain? - correct answers -Vocalizations, social withdrawal,
changes in sleep patterns, facial expressions, body posture, and poor feeding
What happens to pain when you age? - correct answers -Increase in pain
threshold (skin thickness changes), decrease in pain tolerance, alteration in
metabolism of drugs and metabolites
Principles of pain assessment - correct answers -Ask about pain at every office
visit/phone call
Assess pain systematically (be consistent in using the same scales)
Believe the patient/family
Choose appropriate pain control options
Delivery of the interventions
,Empower patients/families
Enable them to control the course to the greatest extent possible
Non-pharmacologic treatment of pain - correct answers -Strains, sprains: R.I.C.E.
Rest
Ice (then later on heat)
Compression
Elevation
Headaches: Cold compresses; rest
TENS
Acupuncture: Needles into trigger sites
Exercise
Surgical treatment of pain - correct answers -Neural blockade
Surgical lesions
Psychological treatment of pain - correct answers -Psycheducation
, Hypnosis
Behavioral treatments
Relaxation
Biofeedback
CBT
WHO's approach to pain - correct answers -Step 1: Mild pain - Non-narcotic and
adjuvant drug
Step 2: Moderate pain - Weak narcotic, non-narcotic and adjuvant drug
Step 3: Strong narcotic, non-narcotic and adjuvant drug
Acetaminophen - correct answers -Analgesic and antipyretic
Mechanism of action not well known
It is thought to act by inhibiting central and peripheral prostaglandin synthesis
Reduces fever by direct actions on the hypothalamic heat-‐regulating centers -
does not affect platelet
May cause GI irritation
Dose appropriately
