International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme

These notes systematically explain cell communication, from ligand release and receptor binding to intracellular responses, with specific examples such as quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri and the lux operon. The material also provides an in-depth look at neural signalling, including neuron structure, myelination, action potentials, and the roles of sensory, relay, and motor neurons. Furthermore, it covers the integration of nervous and endocrine systems in the fight-or-flight response, the func...

These notes offer a thorough exploration of mutagenesis, including the causes and randomness of mutations, the role of mutagens such as radiation and chemicals, and the specific molecular events like deamination that lead to genetic change. The material also covers key genetic disorders (cystic fibrosis, Huntington disease, sickle cell anaemia) and explains concepts such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene knockout using CRISPR, and the inheritance patterns of dominant and recessive alleles...

This set of notes delivers a rigorous foundation in enzymology, covering anabolic and catabolic reactions, enzyme-substrate specificity, denaturation factors (pH, temperature), and the thermodynamics of activation energy reduction. It explains how to calculate reaction rates, describes metabolic pathways and metabolic rate, and distinguishes competitive, non-competitive, and end-product inhibition with drug examples. The inclusion of DNA replication enzymes (helicase, polymerase, gyrase) and PCR...

This document provides a comprehensive overview of homeostasis, focusing on thermoregulation in birds and mammals, the role of the hypothalamus and thyroid hormones, and the physiological responses to cold and warm environments. It also details kidney function and osmoregulation, including nephron structure, ultrafiltration, selective reabsorption, the loop of Henle, and the action of ADH on the collecting duct. Additionally, the notes cover blood flow regulation, metabolic waste removal, and th...

These foundational notes cover cell differentiation, gene expression, and the chemical basis of life, including the structure and properties of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They detail DNA and RNA polynucleotide structure, complementary base pairing, the double helix, and the roles of different RNA types, as well as protein structure levels (primary to quaternary) and conjugated proteins like haemoglobin. The document also explains membrane structure, phospholipid bilayers...

IB Chemistry notes for Chemistry HL and Chemistry SL

IBDP chemistry notes for chemistry HL and chemistry SL

Comprehensive IBDP Psychology SL/HL notes for every topic from all core units. Includes background theories, studies, research descriptions, evaluations, conclusions, counter-arguments, etc. Guaranteed 7!

IB Biology HL Internal Assessment Scored 7 (Both Predicted and Achieved 20/24 in May 2019) High Achiever Biology IA with the research question: What is the effect of pectinase enzyme extracted from Aspergillus Niger fungal strains on the quality and quantity of apple juices in case of apple cultivars Fuji, Granny Smith, Jonagold and Red Chief? Great to use as a template for titles and structure.