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Educational Psychology Educational psychologists study how students learn in classrooms How Will Learning About Educational Psychology Help You Be a Better Teacher? • Teaching is complex work because it requires a wide range of knowledge and skills • Research in educational psychology offers many useful ideas for improving classroom instruction • Teachers who have had professional training are generally more effective The Nature and Values of Science • Unsystematic observation ma...

What is working memory (sometimes known as short-term memory)? It actively processes a small amount of information, typically holding it for less than a minute. What is positive reinforcement? Reinforcement consists of getting something a learner finds desirable. What is metacognition? Thinking about thinking What is an accurate comparison between behaviorist and social cognitive theories of learning. social cognitive theorists propose that reinforcement affects observers as well as the i...

Kohlberg's stages of moral development Who's Stages: preconventional, conventional, postconventional Postconventional social contract and universal ethical principle conventional good boy + good girl and law + order premoral stage obedience vs punishment and individualism Skinner behaviorism, operant conditioning Vygotsky Social Development Theory Scaffolding the support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth

Kohlberg's stages of moral development Who's Stages: preconventional, conventional, postconventional Postconventional social contract and universal ethical principle conventional good boy + good girl and law + order premoral stage obedience vs punishment and individualism Skinner behaviorism, operant conditioning Vygotsky Social Development Theory Scaffolding the support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self- actualization gross motor skills physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping fine motor skills physical abilities involving small body movements, especially of the hands and fingers, such as drawing and picking up a coin Gessell's Theory of Development Distinct stages or sequences of child development. Development is driven by both genetics and environment. Infancy Physic...

Piaget Believed we learn from interaction with peers and environment Preconventional All about me Conventional All about rules or laws Postconventional All about others Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development- Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional Chomsky Theory of Universal Grammar- Innate/Biological Babbling- 6 to 8 months Consonant-vowel combinations (ba-ba, ma-ma)

When recess is called, two boys slip on their hoodies and, with a little concentration, zip them up. They then run out to the playground, where they draw stick figures with sidewalk chalk. Which physical development stage describes these students? Middle childhood Infancy Early childhood Adolescence Early Childhood True or False A second-grade student tells his teacher that he is being bullied on the playground by some older children. The student is attempting to meet his physiological...

Expressive language disorder People have trouble getting their message across when they talk. They often struggle to put words together into sentences that make sense. Receptive language disorder People struggle to get the meaning of what others are saying. Because of this, they often respond in ways that don't make sense. Mixed receptive-expressive language issues People struggle with both using and understanding language. What is the name of the theory of intelligence that postulates ...

Maslow Humanist psychologist who developed a pyramid representing heirarchy of human needs Piaget theorist that developed a series of stages in which an individual passes during cognitive development; associated with constructivism Vygotsky theorist focused on the social world of people when explaining cognitive development; associated with constructivism Erikson theorist who studied psychosocial development across the lifespan Bandura Theorist who focused on observational learning; famou...

Descriptive Analytics - ANSWER Use data to describe what has happened over a given period of time Predicitve Analytics - ANSWER use data from the past to predict the future Prescriptive Analytics - ANSWER Use data to determine the best possible decision to pursue structured data examples - ANSWER credit card transactions through a website unstructured data examples - ANSWER word documents, bodies of emails, videos from a traffic accident (data that isn't in a traditional row-column based...