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a cottage industry Engaged in by physicians and their assistants, largely students (apprentices) - Answer At the beginning of the 20th century, health care in the United States was predominantly: When the 20th century opened: - Answer -Doctors were mostly solo practitioners -Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit History of Incremental Change: - Answer Long-term care for the elderly was largely home-based Pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturing ...

Moral Hazard - Answer When the act of ensuring an event increases the likelihood that the event will happen behaving different when you know someone is taking the risk (induced demand) Adverse Selection - Answer the situation in which one party to a transaction takes advantage of knowing more than the other party to the transaction the sicker people likely want more insurance, compared to those who are healthy Pooling of Risk - Answer Allows individuals to share risk, i.e., ...

predictive analytics - Answer looking at a patient’s past patterns in behaviors and use of services, coupled with current health needs to predictor the future use of resources. "big data" in predictive analytics - Answer -used to make forecast about a broad range of health issue -can shape the delivery of both medical care and prevention-oriented interventions key drivers in health system - Answer emerging technology and medical know-how , as well as rationing via utiliz...

Most attempts until the 1990s were related to achieving a National Health Insurance (NHI), which usually describes a _____. - Answer single, countrywide health care financing system run by the government at one or more jurisdictional levels Proposals to create an NHI system have been on the national political agenda in the US since ___. - Answer 1912 ____ made an NHI one of the of his Bull Moose Party Platform in the presidential election of 1912. - Answer Teddy Roosevelt Gener...

Organizational behavior analyzes the entire organization and is a macro perspective since the organization is the unit being examined. - Answer False A single entity owning and operating all of the segments providing health care including preventative services, specialized and primary ambulatory care, acute care, subacute care, long-term care, home health care, as well as a health plan is an example of which of the following? - Answer Vertical Integration Theory Y states that employe...

The direct costs in an economic evaluation include all of the following except: - Answer reduced productivity at work When measuring effectiveness of a treatment, surrogate measures reflect clinical efficacy and include - Answer bone-mass density (BMD) Which of the following measures of effectiveness is not a surrogate measure? - Answer hip fracture Suppose you are asked to use the standard time trade-off approach to measuring quality of life and are given the following informa...

Efficient - Answer producing the most valuable output possible, given the inputs used. Competitive Advantage - Answer offering products of the same quality at lower cost than rivals, offering products higher quality at same cost as rivals, or offering products that customers are willing to pay more for. Output - Answer a good or service produced by an organization Input - Answer a good or service used in production Opportunity Cost - Answer the value of what one cannot...

Disproportionate share: - Answer A payment adjustment under Medicare and Medicaid that pays hospitals that serve a large number of indigent patients. In-kind transfer: - Answer Welfare subsidies provided in the form of vouchers for specific goods and services, such as food stamps and Medicaid. Universal access: - Answer A guarantee that all citizens who desire health insurance will have access to health insurance regardless of income or health status. Those who cannot afford insur...

Research indicates that the 2014 expansion of Medicaid has led to a number of unintended consequences including: - Answer higher per capita spending on the expansion population than anticipated. Which of the following statements is true about the Medicaid program? - Answer The majority of total outlays are for the elderly and disabled. One of the reasons the 2008 Oregon Experiment was so important is because it(s): - Answer experimental design included random selection of the trea...

Suppose you must rely exclusively on cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to determine whether a category of people receives an expensive, potentially life-saving, intervention. Which of the following considerations must you keep in mind when making your decision? - Answer CEA ignores the possibility that certain unidentified individuals in a group may have a greater than normal positive response to the treatment Suppose your assignment is to use the standard time trade-off approach to measur...