University of Cape Town (UCT)

This document contains class notes on RNA polymerase II gene regulation, covering transcription initiation, chromatin structure, and transcription condensates. The notes discuss the role of general transcription factors (GTFs) and RNA polymerase II in forming the transcription initiation complex at promoter regions. It explains the packaging of DNA with proteins to form chromatin and the different states of chromatin, including euchromatin and heterochromatin. Additionally, the document de...

This document includes each section taught by Ramona in MCB3025F - Key concepts of protein folding, post-translational modifications and disease, protein transport and disease. It also includes important sections of each research paper issued by the lecturer.

This document provides notes on exercise metabolism, bioenergetics, and the fuels used for exercise, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It explains energy transfer, coupled reactions, and the role of enzymes in regulating exercise metabolism.   Additionally, the notes cover oxidation-reduction reactions, detailing how they enable the transfer of electrons between molecules

This document delves into the science of sleep, exploring the physiology of sleep and circadian rhythms, their importance, and the consequences of sleep deprivation.   It discusses circadian rhythms as endogenously driven 24-hour cycles and their influence on various physiological systems like blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, melatonin, and growth hormone levels.   The notes further explain the role of the master clock (SCN) and peripheral clocks in controlling circadian r...

This document discusses the relationship between diabetes and exercise, including the impact of physical activity on insulin sensitivity, endothelial function, and the autonomic nervous system. It also addresses the impairments caused by diabetes on exercise tolerance and cardiorespiratory fitness.   The notes further explore the benefits of exercise in managing diabetes, such as promoting weight loss, improving cardiovascular fitness, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.   ...

This document focuses on the biochemical structure of tendons, tendon injuries, and the properties of connective tissues. It details the types of musculoskeletal connective tissue, including tendons, ligaments, bones, cartilage, and muscle connective tissues, and explains the importance of connective tissue in preventing diseases and managing musculoskeletal injuries.   The notes cover the structure and function of tendons, the factors contributing to tendon injuries, and the characteristic...

This document provides notes on the cardiovascular system and its response to exercise, detailing physiological cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, the Frank-Starling mechanism, and factors affecting blood return to the heart.   It covers the differences between endurance and strength athletes, heart failure, including systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and the systemic responses to heart failure.   Additionally, the notes discuss the heart cycle, pressure-volume loops, and the impa...

This provides a detailed overview of the pathophysiological, metabolic, and lifestyle factors contributing to cardiovascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis, and its close association with diabetes. It explains the development of atherosclerotic plaques as a slow, chronic process driven by lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. The role of lipoproteins like LDL and HDL in cholesterol transport and plaque formation is emphasized, alongside key risk ...

The document offers an in-depth yet structured overview of energy metabolism and energy balance, highlighting how the body regulates, consumes, and expends energy. It begins with foundational concepts such as the First Law of Thermodynamics and the components of total energy expenditure—resting energy expenditure, activity-related expenditure, and the thermic effect of food. Various methods for measuring energy expenditure are detailed, including direct and indirect calorimetry, the doubly lab...

COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE ON PART B: RELATIONSHIP AND PROPERTY