University of Toronto (U OF T )

functions of the membrane correct answer: -the structure of the membrane is key for its function -act as a barrier regulating import and export of molecules -help with compartmentalization of the cell, creating particular environments for certain processes so multiple specialized processes could occur at once -modulates cell-cell recognition with their glycoproteins and glycolipids located on the outer leaflet facing the cytosol -signaling across the membrane by proteins and lipids p...

identify all the polar amino acids correct answer: cysteine (cys), asparatate (asp), glutamate (glu), histidine (his) , lysine (lys), asparagine (asn), arginine (arg), serine (ser), threonine (thr), and glutamine (gln) identify all the nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids correct answer: alanine (ala), proline (pro), phenylalanine (phe), valine (val), leucine (leu), and isoleucine (ile) identify all of the amphipathic/mixed properties amino acids: correct answer: methionine (met), tyrosin...

What are the different biochemical molecules of life? correct answer: - proteins = antibodies, receptors, transorters, hormones enzymes - lipids = fats, cholesterol, hormones - sugars = energy, cell structure - nucleic acids = DNA, RNA - small molecules= vitamines, metabolites - ions = K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl- - water What are the 2 different types of hormones? correct answer: - protein/ lipid derivative What determines the function of a molecules correct answer: structure What cause...

Membranes (both outside and inside the cell) correct answer: Not a static structure, very important for cell function. They contain proteins that are very complex and vital to cell life. Mitochondria membranes correct answer: Very vital for the cell, has both an inner and outer membrane. What drives membrane formation? correct answer: A decrease in ionic interactions with water / limiting the hydrophobic interactions drives membrane formation. Lipid tails are ... correct answer: Hyd...

What are the three types of membrane proteins? correct answer: 1) Peripheral 2) Integral 3) Lipid anchored What are peripheral membrane proteins? correct answer: - Adhere to surface of lipid membranes or integral membrane proteins through non-covalent interactions - Can be removed using milder conditions What is the signature amino acid sequence for amphipathic helices? correct answer: P-P-NP-NP-P-P-NP-NP alternating polar and non-polar aa What are integral membrane proteins? ...

Functions of biological membranes correct answer: - barrier (import/export) -compartmentalization of essential molecules (incrs. efficiency) - cell signaling-mediated by pr & lipids (receptors) - modulate cell-cell recognition (glycoproteins & glycolipids) What's responsible for membrane formation correct answer: decrease in ionic interactions w/ h2o (HYDROPHOBIC EFFECT) -h20X tails aggregate to hide from h2o (lots of n-c interactions) -polar heads interact w/ h2o Decreases membrane ...

What does Rotenone and amytal do? correct answer: Inhibit electron flow from complex I to CoQ What does antimycin A do? correct answer: blocks complex III What does Cyanide, azide and Co do? correct answer: Inhibit complex IV what does oligomycin do? correct answer: inhibits ATP synthase, by binding to c subunit of ATP synthase blocking the flow of protons What are uncouplers? correct answer: disconnect ATP synthesis from electron flow, have ability to transport protons across i...

sucrose correct answer: glucose + fructose with a glycosidic bond simple monosaccharide correct answer: formula: (CH2O)n -simplest carbohydrates -have an aldehyde or ketone group sugars with a aldehyde have a prefix aldo- sugars with a ketone group have a prefix keto- -if a ketose, the ketone group is always at carbon 2- this decreases the amount of isomers that could form -made up of chiral carbons- allowing the sugars to form different isomers, leading to structural diversity (aldos...

proteins correct answer: polymers of amino acids linked in a linear chain by peptide/amide bonds (polypeptides) polysaccharides correct answer: polymers of sugars (mono-saccharides) linked in linear and branched chains by glycosidic bonds DNA correct answer: polymers of nucleotides linked in linear chains by phosphodiester bonds protein enzymes correct answer: Linkages (bonds) are formed/broken by _______? sickle cell anemia correct answer: a single amino acid change in hemoglob...

Name three factors responsible for membrane formation correct answer: Decrease in ionic interactions with water Decrease in membrane entropy Non-covalent interactions between lipids and proteins What membrane structures allow the cell membrane to modulate cell-cell recognition? correct answer: Glycoproteins and glycoplipids What non-covalent forces drive spontaneous membrane assembly? correct answer: Hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals What is the most important re...