CIE

17.1 Introduction to Alcohols 17.2 Reactions of Alcohols Learning outcomes: (a) recall the chemistry of alcohols, exemplified by ethanol: (i) combustion. (ii) substitution to give halogenoalkanes. (iii) reaction with sodium. (iv) oxidation to carbonyl compounds and carboxylic acids. (v) dehydration to alkenes. (vi) formation of esters by esterification with carboxylic acids. (b) (i) classify hydroxy compounds into primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. (ii) suggest character...

18.1 Introduction to Aldehydes and Ketones 18.2 Reactions Aldehydes and Ketones 18.3 Tests for Aldehydes and Ketones Learning outcomes: (a) describe: (i) the formation of aldehydes and ketones from primary and secondary alcohols respectively using Cr2O7²⁻/H⁺. (ii) the reduction of aldehydes and ketones, e.g. using NaBH4 or LiAlH4. (iii) the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN and NaCN. (b) describe the mechanism of the nucleophilic addition reactions of hydrogen cyanide ...

19.1 Carboxylic Acids 19.2 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids 19.3 Esters Learning outcomes: (a) describe the formation of carboxylic acids from alcohols, aldehydes and nitriles. (b) describe the reactions of carboxylic acids in the formation of: (i) salts, by the use of reactive metals, alkalis or carbonates. (ii) esters. (iii) acyl chlorides. (c) describe the formation of esters from carboxylic acids, using ethyl ethanoate as an example. (d) describe the acid and base hydrolysis of est...

This documents contains key quotes from the entirety of King Lear, tailored specifically for revision as it breaks down quotes by scenes, characters, themes and motifs in an organised and intuitive manner.

Economic definition and terms

this document effortlessly helps in understanding difficult questions and Economic concepts

These notes fully cover all of the macroeconomic topics covered in A levels and more

This is an extensive and all-encompassing revision resource on the poems of Robert Frost, covered for AS Level English Literature (CIE 9695). It includes notes, analysis, and essays.

This document has a full COMPLETE notes of all the studies on the AS syllabus in a possible question-answer format. It covers possibly all the question types that can come up on the exam for all the studies, e.g. why was the study carried out, what was the sample size, findings, evaluate strengths and weaknesses... It is organised by approaches: 1) Cognitive approach: studies - Andrade; Laney; Baron-Cohen 2) Learning approach: studies - Bandura; Silverman and Saavedra; Pepperberg 3)Social appro...

This document includes ALL the necessary notes for Psychology and Abnormality module for A2 psychology - CIE A-Level Psychology 9990. It is organized and follows the syllabus. It includes descriptions and useful evaluation points. The descriptions and evaluations are in a compact table format. Also includes different studies that are in syllabus. 1) Schizophrenia: Characteristics; symptom assessments (symptom assessment description and evaluation); explanations of the disorder: genetic, bioche...