City University (CITY)

exploring different models that attempt to conceptualise the particular features of the justice ‘system’ in England and Wales. Packer (1968) identified two of the most enduring models which offer explanations as to how agencies and policies may be shaped. They are the Crime Control and Due Process models. It is important to note that all models are ‘ideal types’ and do not exist in pure form. These ‘ideal types’ are however a useful way to consider the general principles and characte...

This lecture provides an overview of the structure and relationship between the key agencies that comprise the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales. Whilst we use the term ‘system’, it is debatable if there is a coherent, singular ‘system’ at all What is the criminal justice system? Examples of criminal justice systems What do the criminal justice system do ? Are there flaws in the criminal justice system? Who is in charge of the criminal justice system? Differences in th...

Reading notes summarised. full explanations of the book , quotes , references

Critical summary of the reading book evidence , explanations , evaluation given

How women offenders have been stereotyped, distorted and side lined within mainstream criminology. The role of feminist criminology in drawing attention to gendering and the explanations feminist criminology offers abut why women ( and men ) offend. Injustices arising as a result of the treatment of women victims and offenders. Looking at the differences between men and women in crime and criminology. The characteristics of female criminals. Strength and weaknesses of Feminist Crimino...

What is Marxist Criminology? What are the differences in crime between the rich and the poor? How did Karl Marx contribute to Criminology? Strengths and Weaknesses of Marxist Criminology The political economy of crime, control functions of criminal law in capitalist society and the criminalisation processes that protect the class system. Examining and considering the notion of the 'authoritarian state' and the explanations it provides for crime, laws and social controls in neo-liberal ...

What is Labelling theory in Criminology? What are the strength and weaknesses of Labelling theory Evaluation and critical analysis of labelling Theory. Labelling theory of Crime. The nature of social reaction and intervention by social control agencies in relation to deviance and crime. Considers the distinction between primary and secondary definitions of deviance against the backdrop of labelling and identify formation. Looking at several theories of Labelling Theory. Key Criminologis...

Social conformity and its effect on communities and individuals by looking at the concept of anomie by Robert Merton. Discusses the contextual arguments for crime and deviance as a consequence of social strain and the links between social structure, acculturation and crime. Key criminologists such as Merton and Durkheim. Looking at several cultures and social structures in relation to crime and criminals. How does Strain Theory link to criminology and the world? How does Anomie Link with C...

What is the definition of Urban Crime? What are the causes of Urban Crime? Consequences of Urban Crime Examples of Urban Crime. Consider the relevance of crime distribution, what it means and what influences it. Refers to work carried out by the University of Chicago in the 1920's and 1930's into the development of a city and how urbanisation, industrialisation and migration influences and or give rise to social life, crime and criminal activity. Key Criminologists such as Sutherland , ...