Oxford University (OX)

Comprehensive summary/exam notes on the principle of direct effect in EU Law. This document will cover the types of direct effect (vertical, horizontal, and incidental), the arguments for and against direct effect of directives (in general), the arguments for and against the horizontal direct effect of directives, as well as an analysis of all the key cases on this topic (Van Gend en Loos, Van Duyn, Marshall, Foster v British Gas, Von Colson, Pfeiffer, CIA Security, and Unilever Italia v Central...

Comprehensive summary/essay plan on the principle of democratic deficit in EU Law. This document will cover what is meant by the term 'democratic deficit' (including an analysis of what can legitimately be expected of the EU in this regard), and the problems currently threatening democracy within the EU system. It will also cover several reforms and whether these have fixed the democratic deficit within the EU.

Comprehensive summary/essay plan on the principle of constitutional pluralism in EU Law. This document covers the definition of constitutional pluralism, the EU principle of supremacy (specifically the cases of Costa v ENEL and Internationale Handelsgesellschaft), the role the CJEU has played in asserting the supremacy of EU law over domestic law (looking specifically at the Ajos litigation), and an analysis of the need for a dialogue between the CJEU and domestic courts.

Comprehensive summary/essay plan on the principles of conferral and subsidiarity in EU law. This document covers the definition of both conferral and subsidiarity in EU law (under Article 5 TEU), why subsidiarity is needed, judicial control of subsidiarity (specifically the two Tobacco Advertising cases), and political control of subsidiarity (the 'Early Warning Mechanism' introduced by the Lisbon Treaty).

Comprehensive summary/exam notes on unilateral contracts in Contract Law. This document covers the case of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball, the rules regarding offer, acceptance and consideration in unilateral contracts, and the extent of recovery in relation to such contracts (specifically an action for the agreed sum).

Comprehensive summary/exam notes on the rules surrounding unfair contract terms in Contract Law. This document covers unfair terms in consumer contracts (under Consumer Rights Act 2015) and non-consumer contracts (under Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977).

Comprehensive summary/exam notes on unequal bargaining power in Contract Law. This document covers duress (duress to the person, duress to goods and economic duress), and undue influence (actual and presumed undue influence following the case of Royal Bank of Scotland v Etridge).

Comprehensive summary/exam notes on the rights of third parties in Contract Law. This document covers the provisions of the Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999, the rules on variation and rescission of contract and avoiding double liability, and whether the promisee can recover on behalf of the third party.

Comprehensive summary/exam notes on the rules surrounding mistake in Contract Law. This document covers offer and acceptance mistake (latent ambiguity, mistake as to terms, mistake as to identity), common mistake (mistake as to existence of subject matter, mistake as to quality) and non est factum.

Comprehensive summary/exam notes on misrepresentation in Contract Law. This document covers the three elements of misrepresentation (statement of existing law/fact, addressed to the party misled, and inducement), the three types of misrepresentation (fraudulent, negligent and innocent), the two remedies often awarded (rescission and damages), and the rules surrounding excluding liability for misrepresentation.