Auburn University

Macronutrients - Answer nutrients that are required in large quantities - major elements in cell macromolecules (C, O, H, N, P, S) - ions necessary for protein function (Mg^2+, Ca^2+, Fe^2+, K^+) What are the 6 macronutrients that make up carbs, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins of the cell? - Answer carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur What are the 4 macronutrients that are cations and serve as cofactors? - Answer Mg^2+, Fe^2+, K^+, Ca^2+ Cofactor -...

Microbe - Answer living organism that requires a microscope to be seen Groups of microbes - Answer bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea, protozoan Criteria of microbes - Answer - range in size from millimeters to 0.2 micrometers - some consist of single cell (exceptions, but majority) - each contains, in its genome, capacity to reproduce its own kind (doesn't apply to viruses) Exceptions to microbial criteria - Answer - not all microbes are microscopic - not all microbes ...

increasing life expectancy - Answer antibiotics have played a major role in increasing _________ throughout the world 60-70%, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) - Answer antibiotics may soon become useless due to being overprescribed and misused especially in hospital setting and as many as _______ of nosocomial staphylococcus infections are the result of _________ a compound produced by one microbe that adversely affects other microbes - Answer what is an antibiotic? propo...

structural gene - Answer produces a functional RNA, which usually encodes a protein DNA control sequence - Answer regulates the expression of a structural gene -does not encode an RNA or protein -includes promoters and binding sites for regulatory proteins prokaryote - Answer ... chromosomes range from 130 to 14,000 kb pairs noncoding DNA - Answer genomes contain ... ->90% of eukaryotic genomes -only <15% of prokaryotic genomes plasmids - Answer prokaryote ge...

Levels of organization in ecology - Answer Biosphere, ecosystem, communities, population, organisms, organs and organ systems, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules Levels of taxonomy - Answer Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species Common themes in the study of life - Answer Evolution, order/organization, reproduction, growth and development, energy processing, internal regulation, response to environment The central theory of biology is __________ by mea...

Where does photosynthesis occur in eukaryotes - Answer chloroplasts most of the components of light capturing are in the - Answer thylakoid membrane water in the thylakoid lumen is split, giving up ______ and forming __________ __________. - Answer e-, molecular oxygen After light capturing reactions, ATP and NADPH are in the ________ and ready to be used as energy sources for carbon fixation - Answer stroma occurs in the stroma, uses ATP and NADPH, consumes CO2 forming c...

Define mutation - Answer a random change in an allele Mutations are caused by selective pressure in the environment. True or False - Answer False The same mutation could be advantageous in some environments but deleterious in others. True or False - Answer True The appearance of dark-colored volcanic rock caused the mutation from black fur to appear in the rock pocket mouse population? True or False - Answer False Both DNA and RNA contain... - Answer phosphate groups ...

photosynthesis - Answer - process that converts solar energy into chemical energy - directly or indirectly nourishes almost the entire living world - maintains the oxygen concentration in Earth's atmosphere, enabling aerobic respiration autotrophs - Answer - organisms that sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other organisms - the producers of the biosphere - producing organic molecules from CO2 and other inorganic molecules photoautotrophs - Answer - usi...

Why do invasive species take over communities into which they have been introduced so much? - Answer Invasive species are not held in check by the predators and agents of disease that have always been in place for the natives What characterized relatively K-selected populations? - Answer offspring with good chances of survival Primary Succession - Answer Adaptive Radiation - Answer Sympatric Speciation - Answer process of genetically spliting a population in the same...

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology - Answer DNA → RNA → protein Gene - Answer unit of heredity; controls a trait that determines a phenotype Phenotype - Answer appearance or characteristic of a gene in an organism Genotype - Answer genetic makeup of an organism, determines phenotype Locus - Answer the location of a particular gene on a chromosome Hardy-Weinburg Equation - Answer p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 Indicator - Answer Promoter - Answer where RNA p...