University Of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign

What are the gene delivery systems for gene therapy? A.Viral vectors b.Naked DNA/RNA; nsed DNA particles d.Carriers of DNA - Answer viral vectors Which of the following best describes the TATA box? a. It is a sequence in chromosomes that marks replication origins. b. It is a sequence in the promoter region of genes that marks transcription start sites. c. It is a sequence in primary transcripts that marks cleavage and polyadenylation sites. d. It is a sequence in primary tran...

High levels of ATP and citrate: - Answer Inhibit glycolysis Indicate remote gluconeogenesis Indicate a high energy-well fed state. Which of the following would be associated with LOW pyruvate dehydrogenase rate? - Answer High NADH The hallmarks of acute alcoholism without food intake are acidosis and hypoglycemia. These metabolic changes are due to the: - Answer Metabolism of ethanol, which prevents the production of sufficient levels of blood glucose from lactate, glycerol and ...

Biomolecules can be divided into four different classes. Which of the following is NOT a major class of biomolecule? - Answer Fatty Acids Which of the following molecules are the major components of the collagen? - Answer proteins Water is said to be highly cohesive because water molecules interact with one another through: - Answer hydrogen bonds Which of the following is considered a noncovalent bond? - Answer -electrostatic interactions -hydrogen bonds -Van der Waals i...

Lecture 1: Prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea - Answer -no nucleus -DNA is in direct contact with the cytoplasm -transcription and translation are simultaneous Eukaryotes - Answer -DNA is contained in a membrane-bound nucleus -Transcription occurs in the nucleus -mRNA is exported to the cytoplasm where translation occurs -transcription and translation do NOT occur simultaneously Universal Tree of Life - Answer based on comparisons of ribosomal small subunit RNAs Relative...

Recombinational repair - Answer uses homologous DNA to repair DNA damage. Replication through a single-strand break collapses the Replication Fork. Homologous Recombination Re-establishes Replication. " Double-strand breaks" (DSBs) can also be caused by: -Oxidation damage - Radiation damage -Cellular nucleases Homologous Recombination - Answer Exchange of genetic information between homologous DNA molecules. - A DNA rearrangement- DNA is cut and rejoined. This can generate...

In 1985, Helen Blau and coworkers fused human liver cells to the (much larger) skeletal muscle cells of mice. Within hours, these hybrid cells began to stain with antibodies specific for human muscle proteins. Which of the following do you think is the most likely explanation of this observation? - Answer Mouse muscle proteins activated transcription of human genes One important feature attributed to signal transduction pathways is that they amplify the signal as it moves through the cell....

Twist (Tw) - Answer The number of helical turns in DNA Writhe (Wr) - Answer The number of times the helix crosses itself Linking number (Lk) - Answer The number of times strands wrap around (cross) one another An integer Lk = Tw + Wr Topoisomerases - Answer Enzymes that regulate the overwinding or underwinding of DNA Untangle knots Resolve (decatenate) catenanes 2 types: Type II topoisomerases Type I topoisomerases (& gyrase) Type II topoisomerases - Answer AT...

Why are there topological constraints on prokaryotic DNA? - Answer covalently closed molecule What is supercoiling? - Answer the regular DNA helix forms a super helix without changing the composition of the B-form DNA What is the linking number? - Answer how many times one strand in a helix would have to pass through the other strand for the two strands to entirely separate from each other What must be done to change the linking number? - Answer break a covalent bond What...

For a covalently closed circular double-stranded DNA, the linking number is: A. equal to the number of helical turns in the DNA double helix. B. the number of hydrogen bonds holding the two strands together. C. an invariant topological property of that DNA molecule. D. altered by distorting the shape of the DNA molecule. - Answer C. an invariant topological property of that DNA molecule. In Nature, DNA supercoiling is almost always negative. Why? A. Negative supercoiling keeps DNA f...

What happens at the maternal-to-zygotic transition across species? A. The embryo converts from a syncytial blastoderm to a monolayer of cells B. The maternal yolk used as an energy source is depleted C. The embryo goes from being haploid to diploid D. Activation of transcription from the zygotic genome - Answer D. Activation of transcription from the zygotic genome Nusslein-Volhard and Wieschaus conducted a genetic screen hoping to understand: A. How the body plan of the embryo is est...