The City College Of New York

Introduction Red blood cells (erythrocytes) are the most common type of blood cells and the vertebrate’s primary means of delivering oxygen to the cells of the body through the blood. The cells are composed of hemoglobin, a molecule that binds to oxygen and also carries some of the carbon dioxide produced in the tissue back to the lungs. The red color of erythrocytes is also the result of hemoglobin, which consists of iron and protein; increase or decrease in the concentration of hemoglo...

1. A specialized site of contact of one neuron with another neuron (or effector) is known as a a. neuron. b. receptor–neurotransmitter complex. c. muscle. d. membrane. e. synapse. Answer: e Textbook Reference: Introduction, p. 327 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Which of the following transmits information the fastest? a. Ionotropic EPSP b. Metabotropic IPSP c. Electrical synapse d. Fast EPSP e. None of the above Answer: c Textbook Reference: Synaptic Transmission Is Usu...

1. During high speed swimming, many fish rely on a method of ventilation called a. ram ventilation. b. opercular pumping ventilation. c. the opercular suction pump. d. buccal pressure pumping ventilation. e. the buccal suction pump. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Introduction, p. 583 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of external respiration? a. The process of CO2 production and O2 consumption during aerobic metabolism b. Bulk f...

1. The process of _______ arises from the molecular agitation that exists in all systems above absolute zero and the tendency for such agitation to carry more molecules out of regions of relatively high concentration than into these regions. a. solute affinity b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. diffusion e. osmosis Answer: d Textbook Reference: Passive Solute Transport by Simple Diffusion, p. 101 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Outward diffusion of a substance from ...

Discussion The experiment tested Ovis aries RBC tonicity in varying concentrated solutions. As more solutes occupied the solutions, each solution became increasingly hyperosmotic in comparison to the RBC’s. The hypothesis of this experiment was that, if the red blood cells are placed in contact with NaCl solution, then the degree of hemolysis of the red blood cells should be greater, due to the movement of water by osmosis. Figures 1 and 2 in the results section demonstrates; as the NaC...

1. During high speed swimming, many fish rely on a method of ventilation called a. ram ventilation. b. opercular pumping ventilation. c. the opercular suction pump. d. buccal pressure pumping ventilation. e. the buccal suction pump. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Introduction, p. 583 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of external respiration? a. The process of CO2 production and O2 consumption during aerobic metabolism b. Bulk f...

1. Which of the following is not a chemical category of respiratory pigment? a. Hemoglobins b. Hemocyanins c. Hemerythrins d. Chlorocruorins e. Myoglobins Answer: e Textbook Reference: The Chemical Properties and Distributions of the Respiratory Pigments, p. 618 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is false? a. It plays a role in CO2 transport. b. It plays a role as a pH buffer. c. It plays a role in N2 transport. d. It plays a ro...

1. Reindeer have low energy costs in cold environments because of their a. skin. b. hooves. c. pelage. d. hypodermis. e. anthers. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Food, Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, and Thermoregulation in the Lives of Adult Reindeer, p. 278 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. In winter, reindeer fur is a. 3–4 cm thick. b. 1–2 cm thick. c. 3–4 cm long. d. 1–2 cm long. e. shed completely. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Food, Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, an...

Chapter 8: Aerobic and Anaerobic Forms of Metabolism 1. Glycolysis occurs in the _______ and generates _______ NADH molecules. a. cytosol; 4 b. cytosol; 2 c. mitochondria; 2 d. mitochondria; 4 e. nucleus; 2 Answer: b Textbook Reference: Mechanisms of ATP Production and Their Implications, p. 184 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 2. The enzyme _______ is needed to convert phosphoenolpyruvic acid to pyruvic acid. a. hexokinase b. phosphofructokinase c. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehy...

Chapter 5: Transport of Solutes and Water 1. The process of _______ arises from the molecular agitation that exists in all systems above absolute zero and the tendency for such agitation to carry more molecules out of regions of relatively high concentration than into these regions. a. solute affinity b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport d. diffusion e. osmosis Answer: d Textbook Reference: Passive Solute Transport by Simple Diffusion, p. 101 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering...