University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)

Array is a list of data of the same type (Homogenous) • 1-D array usually occupy a block of memory • Arrays are dense list and are referred to as static data structures (Once a block of memory has been allocated, most programming environment do not support compiled code with dynamic memory block resizing) • Relatively expensive to insert and delete elements in an array

A non-linear DS used to represent data containing a hierarchical relationship between elements - A set of nodes storing elements in a parent-child relationship - A data structure which consists of a finite set of elements called nodes or vertices a finite set of directed arcs which connect the nodes

Input: Zero or more quantities are externally supplied • Output: At least one quantity is produced • Definiteness: Instructions has to be clear & unambiguous • Finiteness: Algorithm must always terminate after a finite set of instructions

Data structure is a collection of data items in memory There is a corresponding number of operations provided to manipulate data structures Data may be organized in many different ways- the logical or mathematical model organization of data is also referred to as data structure • Data refers to a value or a set of values These values may represent some observation from experiment, marks obtained by a student in an examination, age (i.e. 22), e.t.c.

Courtesy of Data Structures and Algorithms in Java #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #define boolean char #define true 1 #define false 0........

Understand basic measurement principles Look at a typical instrumentation system Usually some amplification of the sensor signal is needed

Wakerly doesn’t cover this section For the notes we used Rizzoni, (Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering, Giorgio Rizzoni, 3rd, revised 4th or 5th edition) and Tocci/Widmer (Digital Systems – Principles & Applications, Ronald J Tocci & Neal S Widmer, 8th edition). Copies of Rizzoni are available in the library. The DAC circuit based on the inverting summer provided a useful hypothetical basis for discussion, but is not a practical circuit. Why? An 8-bit DAC has a...

We talked about the two binary states. We also talked about enabling outputs. Effectively this gives a third state called the off or high impedance state. We refer to this as tri-state logic Digital to analog conversion is the process of taking a value in digital code format (straight binary, BCD, etc.) and converting it into a voltage or current that is proportional to the digital value

We talked about the two binary states. We also talked about enabling outputs. Effectively this gives a third state called the off or high impedance state. We refer to this as tri-state logic Example: A 5-bit DAC has a current output such that a digital input of produces an output of 10 mA. What will Iout be for a digital input of 11101? Solution: Iout = 10 mA for an input of 2010 ⇒ K = 0.5 mA I’out = 0.5mA x 2910 = 14.5 mA

J-K FLIP FLOP